Biology 2e Flashcards
biology
the study of life
Science
from latin “scientia” meaning knowledge; knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws
Scientific Method
method of research with defined steps that include experiments and careful observations
Hypothesis
a suggested explanation for an event which one can test
Theory
a tested an confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena
Inductive Reasoning
logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion
Deductive reasoning
logical thinking starting from a general law or principle to predict specific results
Descriptive science
usually inductive and aims to observe, explore, and discover
Hypothesis-based science
usually deductive and begins with a specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that one can test
Falsifiable
the experimental results can disprove it
Variable
any part of the experiment that can vary or change
Control group
contains every feature of the experimental group except it is not given the manipulation that the researcher hypothesizes
Natural Science
science related to the physical world and its phenomena
life sciences
study living things and include biology
physical sciences
study nonliving matter and include astronomy, geology, physics, and chemistry
Sir Francis Bacon
(1561 – 1626) from England, first documented the scientific method
A valid hypothesis must be ___ and ___
testable and falsifiable
Why does science not claim to “prove” anything?
because scientific understandings are always subject to modification with further information
Summarize the steps of the scientific method
- Observation
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Prediction
- Experiment
- Result
Identify the shared characteristics of the natural sciences
Compare inductive reasoning with deductive reasoning
Describe the goals of basic science and applied science
What is the human genome project?
A study that looked at human chromosomes and DNA sequences to figure out gene locations. Observed less complex organisms to gain an understand and then applied that understanding to human chromosomes. Results applied to cures and early diagnoses for genetically related diseases
Even in the highly organized world of science, luck—when combined with an ____, _____ mind—can lead to unexpected breakthroughs
observant, curious
Basic science
“pure” science seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge
The immediate goal of basic science is knowledge for knowledge’s sake
applied science
“technology,” aims to use science to solve real-world problems
in applied science, the problem is usually defined for the researcher
“IMRaD” format
Use proper citations to avoid ____
plagiarism
What does OIL RIG mean?
