Anatomy & Physiology 2e Flashcards
Compare and contrast anatomy to physiology, including their specializations and methods of study
Discuss the fundamental relationship between anatomy and physiology
Anatomy is the study of
the body’s structures
Dissection allowed for observations about the body parts __ and __
physical attributes, relationships
Imaging technique help observe what kind of structures?
Living
Gross anatomy is the study of
the larger structures of the body
Macroscopic anatomy is
gross anatomy
Microscopic anatomy is the study of
body structures that can be observed only with use of a microscope or other devices
What are the two general approaches to the study of the body’s structures?
regional and systemic
The study of the interrelationships of all structures in a specific body region
regional anatomy
the study of structures that make up a discrete body system
systemic anatomy
physiology is the study of
the chemistry and physics of the body and ways in which they work together to support life
homeostasis is
the state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
How is physiology studied
observations
manipulations and measurements
laboratory experiments
How do physiologists specialize?
In branches (i.e. neurophysiology) they may work from the organ level to the molecular level
Describe the structure of the human body in terms of six levels of organization
- Chemical Level
- Cellular level
- Tissue level
- Organ level
- Organ system level
- Organismal level
List the eleven organ systems of the human body and identify at least one organ and one major function of each
All living structures of human anatomy contain __
cells
almost all functions of human physiology are performed in __or are initiated by __
cells
a human cell typically consists of
flexible membranes
a water-based cellular fluid
organelles
Tissues are
a group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function
An organ is
an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types
Anorgan systemis
a group of organs that work together to perform major functions or meet physiological needs of the body
organism level is
the highest level of organization
Anorganismis
a living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life
In multicellular organisms, all _____________________________of the body work together to maintain the life and health of the organism
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
- Encloses internal body structures
- Site of many sensory receptors
Integumentary System
Integumentary System
hair, skin, nails
- Supports the body
- Enables movement
Skeletal system
Skeletal system
Cartilage, bones, joints
- Enables movement
- helps maintain body temp
Muscular system
Muscular system
Skeletal muscles, tendons
- Detects and processes sensory information
- Activates bodily responses
Nervous system
Nervous system
Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
- Secretes hormones
- Regulates bodily responses
Endocrine system
Endocrine System
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes/ovaries
- Delivery oxygen and nutrients to tissues
- Equalizes temperature in the body
Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system
Heart, blood vessels
- Returns fluid to blood
- Defends against pathogens
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic system
thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
- removes carbon dioxide from the body
- delivers oxygen to blood
respiratory system
Respiratory system
Nasal passages, trachea, lungs
- Processes food for use by the body
- Removes wastes from undigested food
Digestive system
Digestive system
Stomach, Liver, Gall bladder, Large intestine
- Controls water balance in the body
- Removes wastes from blood and excretes them
Urinary system
Urinary system
Kidneys, Urinary bladder
- Produces sex hormones and gametes
- Delivers gametes to female
Male reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Epididymis, testes
- Produces sex hormones and gametes
- Supports embryo/fetus until birth
- Produces milk for infant
Female reproductive system
Female reproductive system
Mammary glands, Ovaries, Uterus
