Biology 2b Flashcards
Give a definition of a catalyst.
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Three functions of protein in living cells
Antibody: Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body.
Enzyme: Enzymes carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA.
Messenger: Messenger proteins, such as some types of hormones, transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs.
Why don’t enzymes work after a certain temperature?
They become corrupted.
In which three areas of the body is amylase produced?
Salivary glands, Pancreas and Small Intestine.
Where in the body is bile: a) produced? b) stored? c) used?
Produced in the liver. Stored in the gall bladder. Released in the small intestine.
Why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acid?
To kill bacteria. To give right pH for protease enzyme to work. (pH2 - acidic).
Word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose (sugar) + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy
How do animals use aerobic respiration?
Allows muscles to contract (move), build up larger molecules from smaller ones (proteins from amino acids). Mammals/Birds use energy to keep body temperature.
What anaerobic respiration? Word equation.
Without oxygen. Glucose + enzymes = carbon dioxide + lactic acid.
How do you repay oxygen debt?
Breathing heavy for a while.
Two enzymes useful in Biological Detergents
Protease and Lipase.
Advantage/Disadvantage of enzymes.
Advantages: Lower cost- saves energy. Work for a long time. Cause less environmental pollution.
Disadvantages: Allergies, risk of denaturing and expensive.
