Biology

Question 1

What is the cell theory?

Answer 1

1) all living things are made up of 1+ cells and their products
2) cells are the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes

Question 2

prokaryote

Answer 2

cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles (i.e. archaea & bacteria)

Question 3

eukaryote

Answer 3

cell containing a nucleus, other organelles and is surrounded by thin membrane (ex: protists, animals, plants, etc)

Question 4

List the main organelles within an animal cell and their functions.

Answer 4

• Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance that suspends all organelles of the cell (mostly water but holds other stored substances)
• Cell membrane: flexible, semi-permeable double-layered wall that supports the cell
• Nucleus: roughly spherical structure referred to as the “control system” because it holds chromosomes, which contain DNA that has all of the cell’s genetic info
• nucleolus: creates ribosomes from RNA
• Mitochondria: power plants, related to cellular respiration (turning glucose and oxygen into water, carbon dioxide & energy) – opposite of photosynthesis in plants
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: rough involved in transportation of materials - “highway”, smooth stores ions (sodium) for muscle enhancement
• Ribosomes (on rough ER): sites of protein synthesis (building of proteins)
• Golgi Apparatus: collects and process materials to be removed from cell, secretes mucus
• Vacuole: sac enclosing fluid that holds substances, removes unwanted materials, maintains turgor (cell pressure)
• Lysosomes: helps with digestion of nutrients
• Centrioles: helps with cell division (mitosis/meiosis)
  made of microtubules

Question 5

What are the organelles found only in plant cells?

Answer 5

• Cell wall: found just outside cell membrane, provides support & protection from physical injury, tough material holds longer after cell dies
• 1 large vacuole: when filled with water, turgor pressure applied to cells causing stiff plant
• chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll (green colour), absorbs light energy which is used in the process of photosynthesis (converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen)

Question 6

State the 7 characteristics. What are they?

Answer 6

1) feeding
2) movement
3) respiration
4) excretion
5) reproduction
6) sensitivity
7) growth

these seven characteristics are used to identify living from non-living organisms

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

genetic code, double helix, found in nucleus, has chromosomes,