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Biology > Biology 2.3 > Flashcards

Biology 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE SPECIES

A

a group of individual organisms very similar in appearance, anatomy,physiology and biochemistry, whose members can have fertile babies

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2
Q

DEFINE HABITAT

A

where an organism lives

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3
Q

DEFINE BIODIVERSITY

A

range of living organisms to be found

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4
Q

EXPLAIN BIODIVERSITY IN TERMS OF HABITATS

A

the range of habitats in which different species live such a s a pond, forest, dark corners

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5
Q

EXPLAIN BIODIVERSITY IN RELATION TO A SPECIES

A

there are many diferent species such as an ant and a tress or less obvious such as bacteria that cause decay and bacteria that help us digest food

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6
Q

WHY IS IT IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY HOW MUCH BIODIVERSITY IS IN THE WORLD

A
  • new species are being found all the time
  • evolution is continuing
  • we have not found all the earths species
  • many species are endangered and extinct
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7
Q

DEFINE RANDOM SAMPLING

A

sampling a small part of a habitat and assuming it has a representative set of species that can be applies to the whole habitat, this sample site must be random

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8
Q

HOW WOULD YOU CHOOSE WHERE TO PUT A RANDOM SAMPLE

A

-computer generating numbers to plot coordinates
-taking samples at regular distances
-

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9
Q

HOW WOULD YOU TAKE INTO ACCOUNT INFREQUENT PLANTS IN A RANDOM SAMPLE

A

look for them

record them as no abundance so it is qualitative data

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10
Q

GO OVER SAMPLING PLANTS

A

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11
Q

WHAT IS A TULLGREN FUNNEL AND HOW DOES IT WORK

A
  • a device for collecting small animals from leaf litter
  • small light at the top of funnel generates heat which drives animals downwards
  • fall through the mesh into a jar
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12
Q

DEFINE SPECIES RICHNESS

A

The number of species found within a particular habitat

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13
Q

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO SAMPLE ANIMALS

A
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14
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPECIES RICHNESS AND EVENNESS

A

-species richness is the amount of species in a habitat but species evenness is the measure of abundance of individuals in each species

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15
Q

WHAT ARE SOME WAYS TO MEASURE ABUNDANCE

A
  • using an abundance scale such as ACFOR (abundant, common, frequent, occasional and rare)
  • measure the percentage cover in a quadrat
  • using a point frame
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16
Q

WHAT IS A TRANSECT

A
  • A line across a habitat and using points at the line to record the species touching it
  • can use an interrupted belt transect which is putting quadrats down to have quantitive data
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17
Q

WHAT IS THE FORMULA FOR MEASURING THE DENSITY OF ANIMALS IN A HABITAT

A

(C1 x C2)/ C3
Where C1 is the amount of animals captured first, C2 is the amount of different animals captured second and C3 is the amount of animals captured second that were captured the first time

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18
Q

DEFINE CLASSIFICATION

A

sorting living things into groups

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19
Q

DEFINE PHYLOGENY

A

study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

20
Q

DEFINE TAXONOMY

A

the study of the principles behind classification

21
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 KINGDOMS

A

prokaryotes, protoctists, fungi, plants and animals

22
Q

WHAT IS IN THE PROKARYOTIC KINGDOM

A

bacteria and cynanobacteria

23
Q

WHAT ARE PROTOCTISTS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

A
  • organisms that do not fit into the other 4 kingdoms
  • eukaryotes
  • single celled
  • some are autotrophic or heterotrophic
  • various plant and animal features
24
Q

DEFINE FUNGI

A

mostly satrophytic organisms that are made of mycelium (made out of hyphae) and have walls made of chitin
-have multinucleate cytoplasm

25
DEFINE PLANTS
organisms that gain nutrition from photosynthesis and are multicellular
26
DEFINE ANIMALS
heterotrophic multicellular eukaryotes
27
WHAT IS THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION IN ORDER | DOGS KNOW PEOPLE CANT OVER FEED GREEN SNAKES
``` domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species ```
28
WHAT ARE THE 3 DOMAINS
bacteria archaebacteria eukaryotes
29
WHAT DOES THE BINOMIAL SYSTEM DO
uses 2 names to identify each species made up of a Genus name and species name
30
WHAT IS THE BASIS OF THE 3 DOMAIN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
- prokaryotae kingdom has two very diff groups called archaebacteria and bacteria - archae has many similarities to eukaryotes (membrane, flagella DNA proteins) - more close to Eukaryotes than bacteria
31
DEFINE VARIATION
the presence of differences between individuals
32
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLES OF CONTINUOUS VARIATION
where there are 2 extremes and a range of intermediate phenotypes between -hair colour, eye colour, nose shape, height
33
DEFINE AND GIVE EXAMPLES OF DISCONTINOUS VARIATION
two discrete groups of phentotypes and no or very few intermediates in between sex, flagella on bacteria, human blood groups
34
WHAT IS GENETIC VARIATION
the alleles are arranged differently causing differences to arise within a species
35
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION
touching an earthworm and it recoils to avoid being eaten
36
WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL OR BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATION
an adaptation that ensures cell processes function correctly
37
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN ANATOMICAL ADAPTATION
sperm have flagella to help them swim to the egg | LOOK OVER ADAPTATION
38
DEFINE SPECIAITION
formation of a new species
39
DEFINE NATURAL SELECTION
selection by the environment of particular individuals that show certain variations as these wills survive and pass the variations onto their offspring
40
HOW WILL A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS IN A SPECIES EVOLVE INTO A DIFFERENT SPECIES
split of species e.g population migrates to a new environment reproductive barrier that present some of the species population breeding
41
HOW HAS RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES DEVELOPED
the insect may be able to break down the insecticide with an enzyme target receptor protein on cell surface membrane may be modified
42
WHAT ARE SOME WAYS NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS PERFORM PROCESSES THAT ARE OF VALUE TO HUMANS
- regulation of atmosphere and climate - purification of fresh water - crop pollination - growing of timber and food - recycling of waste
43
DEFINE GENE POOL
the sum total and variety of all the genes in any population or species at a given time GO OVER 2.3.16
44
DEFINE CONSERVATION IN SITU
conserving a species in their natural environment
45
WHAT ARE SOME ADVANTAGES OF A CONSERVATION PARK
- protects the biodiversity and ecosystems permanently - protects natural and cultural heritage - plants and animals in natural environment - provides things to do with economic benefits
46
WHAT ARE SOME BAD THINGS ABOUT MAKING CONSERVATION PARKS WITHOUT CONSIDERING THE LOCAL PEOPLE
- some people may continue to hunt protected animals - some protected animals may leave to steal crops - tourists may feed the animals and leave litter - illegal harvesting of timber

Biology (4 decks)

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