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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What does a vacuole contain?

A

Cell Sap

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1
Q

What is process occurs in mitochondria?

A

Respiration

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2
Q

What process occurs in chloroplast?

A

Photosynthesis

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3
Q

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?

A

A Cell Wall

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4
Q

What is a chlorophyll?

A

A green substance inside chloroplast that aids photosynthesis

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5
Q

Does a bacterium cell contain a nucleus?

A

NO, the genetic material floats around in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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7
Q

How are palisade cells specialised within a plant?

A

They are full of chloroplast and are near the top of the leaf meaning that they’re nearer the light and produce more photosynthesis.

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8
Q

How are Guard Cells specialised within a plant?

A

They open and close the stomata to control gaseous exchange and water loss

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9
Q

What is a stomata?

A

Pores that are found on the underside of the leaf, that release gas and water vapour.

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10
Q

What is a tissue?

Not the thing you blow your nose with

A

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

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11
Q

How are Red Blood Cells specialised within an animal?

A

They have a concave shape that increases surface area so that more oxygen can be carried.
They are full of haemoglobin, that absorb the oxygen. Also, they have no nucleus so they can carry more oxygen.

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12
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function

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13
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function

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14
Q

What mainly occurs in the Mesophyll Tissue?

A

Photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is the purpose of Xylem and Phloem?

A

To transport water, mineral ions and sucrose around the plant.

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16
Q

What is the word equation for Photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen.

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17
Q

What are the 3 limiting factors on photosynthesis?

A

The amount of Light
The Temperature
The Amount Of CO2 surrounding the plant.

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18
Q

What 5 environmental factors affect the distribution of an organism?

A 
Temperature
Availability of Water
Availability of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Availability of Nutrients
Amount of Light
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19
Q

What piece of equipment can be used to study the distribution of organisms.

A

Quadrats

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20
Q

What do you need to think about when collecting environmental data?

A

Reliability and Validity

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21
Q

What is a catalyst and name an example of a biological catalyst

A

A catalyst is a substance that increases the the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up, e.g. Enzymes

22
Q

What happens to an enzyme if it becomes too hot or is in the wrong pH?

A

It becomes de-natured.

23
Q

What are the 3 digestive enzymes and their purpose?

A

Amylase- converts starch into sugars
Protease- converts protein into amino acids
Lipase- converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

24
Q

Where is Amylase produced?

A

Salivary Gland, Pancreas and Small Intestine

25
Q

Where is Protease produced?

A

Stomach, Pancreas and Small Intestine.

26
Q

Where is Lipase produced?

A

Pancreas and Small Intestine

27
Q

What is Respiration?

A

The process of releasing energy from glucose

28
Q

What is the word equation for Aerobic Respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

29
Q

What is the equation for Anaerobic Respiration?

A

Glucose -> Energy + Lactic Acid

30
Q

What does Anaerobic Respiration lead to?

A

Oxygen Debt

31
Q

What are 2 uses of Enzymes?

A

Used in Biological Detergents

Used to Change Foods, making them easier to digest

32
Q

What are the Advantages of using Enzymes in Industry?

A

They only catalyse the reaction you want them to
Lower temperature means lower cost and saves energy
They work for a long time, lowering costs of replacement
They are Biodegradable and so cause less pollution

33
Q

What are the Disadvantages of using Enzymes in Industry?

A

Some people are allergic to them
Enzymes can be De-natured easily and so conditions must be tightly controlled
They can be expensive to produce
Contamination of the Enzyme can affect the reaction

34
Q

What is DNA short for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

35
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

Long Chain Molecules of DNA

36
Q

What is a Gene?

A

A section of DNA that contains the instructions to make a specific protein.

37
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The splitting of a cell to produce TWO identical cells

38
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

Produces cells that contain HALF the normal number of Chromosomes (Gametes)

39
Q

What is so special about Stem Cells?

A

They can change when they need, to form specialised cells

e.g Stem Cell -> White Blood Cell

40
Q

What is the Advantage of using Stem Cells?

A

They can be used to cure many diseases.

E.g. Replacing a mutated Cancer cell with a normal one hence curing Cancer.

41
Q

Why are some people against Stem Cell Research?

A

People feel that they should not interfere with nature

42
Q

What is the 23rd pair of chromosomes in a male?

A

X and Y

43
Q

What is the 23rd pair of Chromosomes in a female?

A

X and X

44
Q

What is the percentage of producing a male and female?

A

50%

45
Q

The Work of Mendel is…

A

Hard to display on here please see Page 66 in the CGP Revision Guide for Biology

46
Q

What is a Recessive Allele?

A

An allele that will not be displayed unless both the genes within that person are Recessive.

47
Q

What is a Dominant Allele?

A

An allele that will be displayed when paired with any other gene unless the gene pairing is that of two recessive alleles

48
Q

What is a fossil?

A

The remains of plants and animals at are displayed in rocks from Gradual Replacement, Casts or Preservation.

49
Q

What is Gradual Replacement in Fossils?

A

As objects decay they are replaced by minerals and remain distinct from the surrounding rock.

50
Q

What is Casts in Fossils?

A

The process where an organism makes an imprint in a soft material. The soft material then hardens and the organism decays.
This leaves behind a cast.

51
Q

What is Preservation in Fossil?

A

Preservation is where an organism is trapped and no decay occurs. E.g. Insects trapped in Amber

52
Q

What are the 6 reasons why a species may become extinct?

A 
Environment Changes
New Predator
New Disease
Can't Compete for Food
Catastrophic Event
New Species Develops
53
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

What some people nowadays (cough Jodie Popham cough) should be subject to.

The idea of survival of the fittest and those that adapt survive to pass on their successful genes and alleles

Additional Science (3 decks)

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