Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Biology 2024 > Flashcards

Biology 2024 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

disease

A

any condition that impairs the normal body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

infectious

A

passed from person to person and caused by a pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bacteria

A

singel-celled, prokaryotic

reporduces via binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

virus

A

non-cellular, non-living

reproduces via host organisms’ genetic material by inserting their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fungi

A

mostly skin, eukaryotic (mostly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

protozoa

A

eukaryotic, uni-cellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

multicellular parasite

A

eukaryotic, multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

non-infectious

A

not passed form person to person (not contagious)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

heredity

A

inheritance of a faulty chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

enviromental factors

A

chemical toxins & radiation exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

incorrect nutrition

A

under nutrition or malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

physological malfunction

A

systems or organs not functioning properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sign

A

visible by another person; something observable

e.g. tempreturre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

symptom

A

is only detectable by the patient

e.g. headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prevention

A

inhibits the introduction of a disease to an area, population, or individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

treatment

A

the use of an agent or procedure in an attempt to cure or mitigate a disease condition

e.g. a drug or a surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

methods of transmission

A

passing of a disease-causing pathogen from an infected host individual to ahother individual or group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

food-borne

A

transmitted by food

e.g. salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

air-borne

A

transmitted by tiny droplets of moisture during exhalation

e.g. TB, COVID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

insect-borne

A

transmitted by a vector (insect)

e.g. malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

water-borne

A

transmitted by contaminated water

e.g. cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

direct contact

A

transmitted by direct contact between people or object handled by people

e.g. ringworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

STD

A

transmitted by intimate sexual contact, exchanging fluids

e.g. HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 methods of containment

A

public health measures, immunity, medicine

medicine: antibiotics, anti-viral, anti-malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

epidemic

A

a disease outbreak that occurs within a specific geographical area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pandemic

A

a disease outbreak that spreads to multiple areas or the entire globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

5 reasons why developing countries are more susceptible to epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases

A

overcrowding, malnutrition, cultural attitudes, practices, and inadequate public health systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

1st line of defence

A

physical & chemical barriers

e.g. skin, mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

2nd line of defence

A

white blood cells, called phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

innate

A

born with it/built-in to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

non-specific

A

doesn’t target any specific pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3rd line of defence

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

specific

A

can differentiate pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

adaptive immune system

A

learns and has memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

antibody

A

matches to antigens and identifies for destruction

36
Q

antigen

A

any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

37
Q

second exposure

A

the antibodies have already been made for the antigen so the memory cells are stimulated and the antibodies are produced quicker and in larger numbers

this is how vaccine help build immunity against pathogens

38
Q

public health measures that affect disease incidence.

A

face mask, insect repellant, washing hands frequently, treating water, condoms, social distancing, quarantine, refridgerating food etc.

39
Q

genus of the malaria pathogen

A

Plasmodium

Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, malarie

40
Q

malaria host organism to malaria pathogen

A

any female Anopheles mosquito

41
Q

malaria method of transmission

A

mosquito bites

42
Q

malaria method of prevention/control

A

insecticides, (vector) environmental modification, and bed nets, prescription medication

43
Q

malaria major signs and symptoms

A

shivering fits, followed by a high fever, headache and nausea and then profuse sweating.

10-15 days after being bitten

44
Q

ecosystem

A

a community of organisms, their physical* enviroment and the interactions that happen between them

*all surronding abiotic factors

45
Q

enviroment

A

the surroundings of an organism including the physical and chemical environment, and other organisms with which it comes into contact.

46
Q

community

A

all of the populations of different species that live in a region at a particular time

47
Q

population

A

population is a subset of individuals of one species that occupies a particular geographic area

48
Q

habitat

A

a place where an organism or a community of organisms lives, including all living and nonliving factors or conditions of the surrounding environment

49
Q

biotic factors

A

feeding, seed dispersal, baitat, competition, pathogens

living components

50
Q

abiotic factors

A

salinity, light intensity air, rainfall, humidity, wnd speed, air & water tempreture

non-living components

51
Q

adaptation

A

a feature that enhances an organism’s chance of survival

52
Q

structural adaptation

A

physical feature

e.g. bird beaks, camel eyelashes

53
Q

physiological adaptation

A

process within the body (unconcious)

e.g. goosebumps

54
Q

behavioural adaptation

A

something he organism does (concious)

e.g. migration

55
Q

symbiosis

A

the relationship between individuals of 2 different species

56
Q

mutualism

A

a relationship where both organisms benefit

+/+

57
Q

commensalism

A

a relationship where one organisim benefits and the other one is unaffecteed

+/0

58
Q

parasitism

A

a relationship where one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed

+/-

59
Q

photosynthesis word equation

A

energy (sunlight) + carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

60
Q

respiration word equation

A

glucose (simple sugars) + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water

61
Q

photosynthesis molecular equation

A

energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

62
Q

respiration molecular equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

63
Q

photosynthesis

carbon cycle

A

CO2 in the air going into plants

64
Q

respiration

carbon cycle

A

C6H12O6 going from the plants into the air

65
Q

consumption

carbon cycle

A

carbon going from plants to animals

66
Q

decomposition

carbon cycle

A

things dying and going into the ground

67
Q

combustion

carbon cycle

A

carbon going from the groundinto the air

68
Q

assimliation

carbon & nitrogen cycle

A

the animal/plant absorbing food from the plants/soil

69
Q

nitrogen fixation

nitrogen cycle

A

nitrogen fixing bacteria turing nitrogen gas (N2), into ammonia (NH3)

70
Q

nitrification

nitrogen cycle

A

nitrifying bacteria turning ammonia (NH3), into nitrite (NO2-) and also into nitrate (NO3-)

71
Q

denitrification

nitrogen cycle

A

denitrifying bacteria turning nitrate (NO3-), into nitrogen gas (N2)

72
Q

ammonification

A

decomposers turning dead matter into ammonia (NH3)

73
Q

ammonia

nitrogen cycle

A

NH3

74
Q

nitrite

nitrogen cycle

A

NO2-

75
Q

nitrate

nitrogen cycle

A

NO3-

76
Q

producer

A

an organism that makes its own energy; photosynthesis

e.g. trees

77
Q

consumer

A

an organism that obtains energy from other organisms

e.g. foxes

78
Q

decomposer

A

organisms that break down energy rich molecules in dead organisms & their waste into simple molecules

e.g. fungi

79
Q

predator

A

consume organisms that they actively hunt

e.g. wolf

80
Q

prey

A

are actively hunted by predators

e.g. rabbit

81
Q

trophic level

A

hierachal level in an ecposystem

82
Q

biomagnification

A

increase in concentration of a pollutant from one trophic level to another

83
Q

introduced species

A

an organmism that isn’t native to a place or area that it was brought it

84
Q

biological control

A

the method to reduce or eliminate populations of invasive species by introducing a predator, competitor, or pathogen

85
Q

deforestation

A

the removal of native vegetation where the predominant plant is a tree over 2m in height

86
Q

high biodiversity

A

many different species, the ecopsystem is more resiliant

Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions