Biology 20 - Chapter 5 : Photosynthesis review Flashcards
What is a packet of energy called?
Photon
What is the name of the energy-capturing portion of photosynthesis that occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and cannot proceed without solar energy and which produces ATP and NADPH?
Light-dependent reactions
What is the name of the green pigment that absorbs solar energy?
Chlorophyll
What is the name of the semi-liquid, protein-rich compartment of the chloroplast?
Stroma
What is the name of the column of stacked thylakoids?
Grana
what is the name of the passage of electrons along a series of carrier molecules, energy released is used for ATP synthesis?
Chloroplast
What is the name of the series of photosynthetic reactions in which carbon is fixed and glucose molecules are formed, where it takes place in the stroma and does not directly require solar energy?
Light-independent reactions
What is the name of the process occurring in the chloroplast, where solar energy is captured and water + carbon dioxide are used to create oxygen and simple sugars (glucose)?
Photosynthesis
What is the name of photosynthetic clusters of pigment where solar energy is absorbed and electrons are exited?
Photosystem
What is the outer membrane of a chloroplast?
The “skin” of a chloroplast
What is the inner membrane of a chloroplast?
The inside “skin” of a chloroplast
What is the stroma?
Liquide filled space inside the chloroplast
What is a thylakoid?
Flattened stacks inside the stroma
What is the thylakoid membrane?
“Skin” of a thylakoid, where the light-dependant reactions happen
What is the thylakoid lumen?
Space of liquid inside the thylakoid
What is an autotroph?
Also called producers (“self-feeders”). Captured sun and self nourishes by photosynthesis
What are three examples of autotrophs?
Plants, algae, sea vent bacteria
Where are pigments located?
Pigments are located in the thylakoid membrane inside the photosystems.
Why do we see plants as green?
Because pigment inside of the photosystems absorbs every color but reflects the color green and yellow making plants look green/yellow to humans
Which compounds are high energy and which is low energy?
Oxidized (low energy) - NADP+ & ADP+
Reduced (high energy) - NADPH & ATP
Where does NADP+ get reduced and then what is it used for?
NADP+ gets reduced in the electron transport chair and becomes NADPH, NADPH is then used to transfer energy from the light dependent reaction to the light-independent reaction/Calvin cycle
Define photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis uses light energy to fix CO2 into glucose.
What are the reactants of the light-dependent reactions?
H2O, light energy, ADP+, NADP+
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
O2, NADPH, ATP
Where in the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions happen?
Inside the thylakoid and across the thylakoid membrane
What are the reactants of the light-independent reactions?
CO2, ATP, NADPH
What are the products of the light-independent reactions?
Glucose, ADP+, NADP+
Where in the chloroplast do the light-independent reactions happen?
Inside the stroma of the chloroplast
What is the process called when a water molecule splits?
Photolysis
In what stage of the light-dependent reactions is ATP made? What is this process called?
H+is sent out through the ATP synthase along the concentration gradient and the energy from that get used to reduce ADP into ATP thorugh a process called chemiosmosis
Once the pigments inside the photosystems gather a bunch of light energy from the light photons that are hitting them, where is that energy then passed on?
the reaction center
What is the reaction center made up of?
Chlorophyll A
What is the name of the enzyme that attached the starting molecule RuBP (5 carbons) and CO2 from the atmosphere together?
Rubisco
What is it called when CO2 is grabbed from the atmosphere and put into thee Calvin Benson cycle?
Carbon fixation
