Biology 2:cells structures

Question 1

what does prokaryote and eukaryote mean

Answer 1

prokaryote - before nucleus evolved
eukaryote - after nucleus evolved

Question 2

what is the endoplamic reticulum

Answer 2

3d network of membranes that are continuos with the outer nucleus membrane

Question 3

what does the rough er do

Answer 3

provides a large sa for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins

provides a pathway for transport

ribosomes present on outer surface

Question 4

what does the smooth er do

Answer 4

synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates

Question 5

where does respiration happen in bacteria

Answer 5

mesosome

infolding in cell membrane

Question 6

whats is cell division in prokaryotes called

Answer 6

binary fission

Question 7

what does the nuclear envelope do(3 things)

Answer 7

controls reactions taking place in it
controls entery and exit of materials

double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
continuos with er

Question 8

what do nuclear pores do

Answer 8

holes in nuclear membrane that let messenger rna and ribosomes out of the nucleus

Question 9

what is the nucleoplasm

Answer 9

jelly like material that makes up most the nucleus

Question 10

what is the nucleolus

Answer 10

part of the nucleus that makes the ribosomes

Question 11

what does the mitochondrion double membrane do

Answer 11

controls entry and exit

Question 12

mitochondrion cristaea(2things)

Answer 12

acts as an extension to the inner mitochondria membrane

provides a large sa for attachment of enzymes and proteins for respiration

Question 13

what is the mitochondrion matrix

Answer 13

a liquid where some of the respiration reactions happen

Question 14

what is the Golgi apparatus and what does it make. (3 things)

Answer 14

adds carbohydrates to proteins to create glycoproteins

produces and secreates enzymes that modify and store lipids

makes lysosomes

Question 15

what are lysosomes

Answer 15

small part of golgi

contains enzymes that are used to digest bacteria,worn out cells or release enzymes out of the cell

(special type of golgi vesicles)

Question 16

what are cristae

Answer 16

inner membrane infoldings where the enzymes used in respiration are embedded

Question 17

what does a ribosome contain

Answer 17

intermembrane space
inner membrane space
outer membrane
cristae
matrix

Question 18

what does chlorophyll contain

Answer 18

dna
glucose stroed in starch grain
ribosomes
granum - stack of membrane called thylakoid which is where enzymes containing photosynthesis are attatched

Question 19

whats different about the dna in chlorophyll

Answer 19

shorter,fewer genes which are circular
not linked by special proteins called histomes

Question 20

what do golgi vesicles do

Answer 20

store and transport modified proteins and lipids from the golgi apparatus to target cell

Question 21

name the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 21

no membrane bound organells
smaller ribosomes
cell wall that contains murein(glycoprotein)
no plasmids

Question 22

what do prokaryotes contain that is different to eukaryotes

Answer 22

one or more plasmids
capsule surrounding cell
one or more flagella

Question 23

4 key features of a virus

Answer 23

non living
can not reproduce on its own
cant generate its own energy
no cytoplasm

Question 24

why are viruses not considered cells

Answer 24

they don’t contain a cytoplasm

Question 25

state the structure of virus

Answer 25

attachment proteins
lipid envelope
matrix
capsid
genetic material(rna)
reverse transcriptase(enzyme)

Question 26

what is the capsid

Answer 26

a protein coat that protects the genetic material

Question 27

what is the lipid envelope do

Answer 27

layer of membrane around capsid
not always present

Question 28

what do the attachment sites do

Answer 28

proteins on the surface which allow virus to bind host cell surface and enter it

Question 29

state the structure of a bacterium

Answer 29

pilli
flagella
capsule
cell wall
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleiod
food granule
ribosomes

Question 30

what is the function of the capsule and cell all

Answer 30

capsule - protects bacterium from other cells and helps to stick to another bacterium

CELL WALL - protects from physical damage

Question 31

what does the nuceloid do

Answer 31

contains genetic material for reproduction

Question 32

food granule function (found in cytoplasm)

Answer 32

a food store

Question 33

what do plasmids do (2 things)

Answer 33

contains genes that help bacterium survive
codes for enzymes that break down antibiotics

Question 34

function of pili (2 things)

Answer 34

help bacterium attach to host

used in transfer of plasmids