biology 1 : biological molecules - DNA AND WATER

Question 1

whats the full name of DNA and rna

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid
ribonucleic acid

Question 2

what does rna do

Answer 2

transfers genetic information form DNA to ribosomes

Question 3

whats the structure of dna

Answer 3

deoxyribose sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

Question 4

what are nucleotides and what do they do

Answer 4

monomers that make up dna and rna

Question 5

name all the nitrogenous bases found in dna

Answer 5

adenine thymine
guanine and cytosine

Question 6

what does being a purines mean and wheat bases are them

Answer 6

adenine thymine
double ring structure

Question 7

what does being a pyrimidines mean and wheat bases are them

Answer 7

cytosine guanine
single rind structure

Question 8

what does rna contain and what doesnt it

Answer 8

contains uracil and not thymine

Question 9

how do we form phosphodiester bonds

Answer 9

phosphate group bonding with the hydroxyl group(oh)

Question 10

what makes the backbone of dna

Answer 10

pentose sugar and phosphate group

Question 11

what are the complementary bases held together by and how many bonds do they each have

Answer 11

hydrogen bonds

g and c = 3
t and a = 2

Question 12

how are the polynucleotides set up

Answer 12

antiparallel

Question 13

name 3 differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 13

dna found in chromosomes rna found in cytoplasm
dna long molecule rna is short
DNA double polynucleotide strands in a double helix - rna one polyneucleotide

Question 14

how does DNA replication happen

Answer 14

DNA helicase - causes hydrogen bonds to break and unwinds the DNA

free nucleotides only held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

causes nucleotides to become activated (3 phosphate groups)

DNA polymerase - catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between activated by bonding the nucleotides together nucleotides(2phosphate groups leave which provides energy for the reaction)

the new strand is created

Question 15

what is atp(adenosine triphosphate) used for

Answer 15

immediate energy source

Question 16

what is the trsucture of atp

Answer 16

3 phosphate group
ribose
adenine

Question 17

how strong is the bond holding the phosphate group

Answer 17

weak but releases a lot of energy

Question 18

state the word equation of the hydrolysis of ATP (using atp hydrolase)

Answer 18

atp + water + -> adp + phosphate group + energy

Question 19

whats the word equation for the condensation of adp(atp synthase)

Answer 19

adp + atp synthase -> inorganic ion + atp

Question 20

what can inorganic phospahte groups be used for

Answer 20

increases the rate of reaction

Question 21

why is water polar and what does this mean for other water molecules

Answer 21

oxygen is slightly negative and hydrogen is slightly positive

causes it to be attracted to other water molecules and make hydrogen bonds

Question 22

what does it mean for water to have a high specific heat capacity

Answer 22

a lot of energy is needed to change the temperature of water by 1 degree Celsius

water acts as a buffer to quick temperature changes

Question 23

what does it mean for water to have a high leatent heat of vaporisation

Answer 23

large amount of energy is required to evaporate water
allows organisms to cool themselves without losing too much water

Question 24

what does it mean for water to have cohesion and surface tension

Answer 24

water tends to stick together(HYDROGEN BONDS)
allows water to travel up tubes (xyleM)

SURFACE tension when water meets air
pond skaters