biology 1 : biological molecules - DNA AND WATER Flashcards
whats the full name of DNA and rna
deoxyribonucleic acid
ribonucleic acid
what does rna do
transfers genetic information form DNA to ribosomes
whats the structure of dna
deoxyribose sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
what are nucleotides and what do they do
monomers that make up dna and rna
name all the nitrogenous bases found in dna
adenine thymine
guanine and cytosine
what does being a purines mean and wheat bases are them
adenine guanine
double ring structure
what does being a pyrimidines mean and wheat bases are them
cytosine thymine/uracil
single rind structure
how do we form phosphodiester bonds
phosphate group bonding with the hydroxyl group(oh)
what makes the backbone of dna
pentose sugar and phosphate group
what are the complementary bases held together by and how many bonds do they each have
hydrogen bonds
g and c = 3
t and a = 2
how are the polynucleotides set up
antiparallel
name 3 differences between RNA and DNA
dna found in chromosomes rna found in cytoplasm
dna long molecule rna is short
DNA double polynucleotide strands in a double helix - rna one polyneucleotide
how does DNA replication happen
DNA helicase - causes hydrogen bonds to break and unwinds the DNA leaving free nucleotides
Free Nucleotides bind to complementary bases
DNA polymerase synthesis phosphodiester bonds which causes the nucleotides to join together
what is atp(adenosine triphosphate) used for
immediate energy source
what is the trsucture of atp
3 phosphate group
ribose
adenine
how strong is the bond holding the phosphate group
weak but releases a lot of energy
state the word equation of the hydrolysis of ATP (using atp hydrolase)
atp + water + -> adp + phosphate group + energy
whats the word equation for the condensation of adp(atp synthase)
adp + atp synthase -> inorganic ion + atp
what can inorganic phospahte groups be used for
increases the rate of reaction
why is water polar and what does this mean for other water molecules
oxygen is slightly negative and hydrogen is slightly positive
causes it to be attracted to other water molecules and make hydrogen bonds
what does it mean for water to have a high specific heat capacity
a lot of energy is needed to change the temperature of water by 1 degree Celsius
water acts as a buffer to quick temperature changes
what does it mean for water to have a high leatent heat of vaporisation
large amount of energy is required to evaporate water
allows organisms to cool themselves without losing too much water
what does it mean for water to have cohesion and surface tension
water tends to stick together(HYDROGEN BONDS)
allows water to travel up tubes (xyleM)
SURFACE tension when water meets air it resists the force and allows things to float
pond skaters
