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Preparation for FINALS > BIOLOGY 2 > Flashcards

BIOLOGY 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is our body composed of that work together for our body to function Normally

A

Organ systems

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2
Q

Is a biological process in which different organisms have the ability to produce another of their kind. With this, organisms are able to improve their species and enhance their physical characteristics

A

Reproduction

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3
Q

It does not involve gametes or sex cells. This type of reproduction can be observed in some plants and in lower form of animals

A

Asexual Reproduction

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4
Q

Organism is reproduce by forming outgrowth, or a “bud” from a part of the parent organism’s body

A

Budding

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5
Q

Two types of budding

A
  1. Hydra budding
  2. Cactus budding
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6
Q

An organism is produced from the detached body part of its parent

A

Fragmentation

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7
Q

Some plants can grow from cutting them up and replanting them

A

Fragmentation - plant cuttings

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8
Q

A parent organism(e.g. Unicellular organism) splits into two daughter organisms. This is usually done by prokaryotic organisms and some invertebrates

A

Binary fission

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9
Q

Is a form of asexual reproduction in which females(rare cases, males) produce eggs that develop without fertilization

A

Parthenogenesis

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10
Q

Asexual reproduction where a plant part is used to reproduce another plant

A

Vegetative reproduction

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11
Q

An asexual reproduction that involves the production of spores, which are specialized asexual reproductive cells

A

Spore formation

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12
Q

What are the 9 types of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Budding
  2. Fragmentation
  3. Binary fission
  4. Parthenogenesis
  5. Vegetative reproduction
  6. Marcotting
  7. Grafting
  8. Propagation
  9. Spore formation
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13
Q

It involves the union of gametes (Sperm and Egg) requiring two parent organisms

A

Sexual Reproduction

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14
Q

What is the fertilized egg?

A

Zygote

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15
Q

What will a zygote become to be or will turn out to be?

A

Embryo

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16
Q

What are the 3 methods of Sexual Reproduction

A

(1) Pollination
(2) External Fertilization
(3) Internal Fertilization

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17
Q

what fertilization where the females lay the eggs in the water and the male squirts the sperm in the same area

A

External Fertilization

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18
Q

The fertilization occurs within the female. It occurs in mammals, insects, birds, reptiles.

A

Internal Fertilization

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19
Q

Plants and animals have progressed differently. Based on phylogenetic
evidence or the evolutionary history of organisms, the primitive ancestors of plants and animals was likely unicellular eukaryotes.

A

Development

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20
Q

A development where cells are fixed

A

Plant Development

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21
Q

A development where cells are motile

A

Animal development

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22
Q

IN THIS PROCESS, AN ORGANISM TAKES IN, DIGESTS, AND USES THE DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS FOOD SOURCES. THESE SUBSTANCES CALLED
NUTRIENTS, PROVIDE ENERGY FOR THE ORGANISMS METABOLIC PROCESSES SUCH AS GROWTH, MAINTENANCE, REPRODUCTION AND EVEN IMMUNITY.

A

NUTRITION

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23
Q

Two types of modes of nutrition in plants

A
  1. Autotrophic
  2. Heterotrophic
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24
Q

What are the Classification of animals on the basis of their eating
habits

A
  1. Herbivorous
  2. Carnivorous
  3. Omnivorous
  4. Parasites
  5. Scavengers
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25
Q

Animals that eat plants. For
example:cow, goat, sheep etc.

A

Herbivorous

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26
Q

Animals that eat other animals. For
example: Lion, lizard etc.

A

Carnivorous

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27
Q

Animals that eat plants as well as
other animals. For example:dog,
beer, humans etc.

A

Omnivorous

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28
Q

Animals that get their food by
living inside or outside the body
of other living organism. For
example: lice, tape worm etc.

A

Parasites

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29
Q

Animals which feed on the dead
bodies of animals. For example:
vulture, jackal etc.

A

Scavengers

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30
Q

GASES ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY ARE REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT METABOLIC REACTIONS TO PROCEED. THUS, IT IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT BIOLOGICAL PROCESS THAT ALLOWS ORGANISMS TO SURVIVE. THROUGH THIS PROCESS DIFFERENT GASES ARE TRANSFERRED IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS ACROSS RESPIRATORY SURFACE.

A

GAS EXCHANGE

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31
Q

What particular body part in the lungs where gas exhange happens?

A

Blood capillary and alveolus

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32
Q

INVOLVES THE USE OF OXYGEN PRODUCED BY PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS AND THE RELEASE OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO THE ENVIRONMENT AS A WASTE PRODUCT OF RESPIRATION.

A

GAS EXCHANGE

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33
Q

What are the 6 types of Gas exhange?

A
  1. Gas exchange: cell membrane
  2. Gas exchange: Skin
  3. Gas exchange: Gill system
  4. Gas exchange: Tracheal systems
  5. Gas exchange: Lungs
  6. Gas exchange: Leaves
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34
Q

What are the 2 transport in plants?

A

Xylem and phloem

35
Q

What are the 3 transport in animals?

A

Blood, Blood vessels, Heart

36
Q

It is the 55% of total blood

A

Plasma

37
Q

1% of total blood

A

White blood cells and platelets

38
Q

45% of total Blood

A

Red Blood cells

39
Q

BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS NEED TO REGULATE THE FLUIDS INSIDE THEIR BODIES. THIS IS BECAUSE BODY FLUIDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR CARRYING OUT THE DIFFERENT BODILY FUNCTIONS IN ORGANISMS. HOWEVER, THERE ARE CERTAIN DIFFERENCES THAT CAN BE OBSERVED BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

A

Regulation of Fluids

40
Q

What are the Regulation of fluids in animals?

A
  1. Osmosis
  2. Isotonic
  3. Perspiration
41
Q

What are the Regulation of fluids in Plants?

A
  1. Osmosis
  2. Hypotonic
  3. Surface tension
  4. Transpiration
  5. Xylem
42
Q

H²O stick to other H²O molecules

A

Cohesion

43
Q

Water sticks to non water molecules

A

Adhesion

44
Q

HIGHER FORMS OF ANIMALS HAVE COMPLEX FORMS OF NERVOUS CONTROL PLANTS MAY NOT HAVE
ORGAN SYSTEMS, BUT THEY DO HAVE PARTS THAT MAY BE LIKENED TO CERTAIN NERVOUS CONTROL
MECHANISMS IN ANIMALS.

A

Chemical and Nervous control

45
Q

What is the nervous control in animals?

A

Nervous system

46
Q

What is the nervous system in plants?

A

Root tip/serial nervous system

47
Q

What is the immune systems in animals?

A

Immune system white blood cells

48
Q

What is the Immune systems in plants?

A

Cell/Cell signaling

49
Q

In the ______ are the cells (lymphocytes)of the immune system. This recognize and eliminate invading pathogens.

A

Lymph nodes

50
Q

The cilia (fine hair-like projections) line the airway and move mucus and
contaminants upward and out of the respiratory tract

A

Respiratory system

51
Q

It forms a very effective
barrier against invading pathogens

A

The Skin

52
Q

This cells attack pathogens both in the blood itself and in other tissues of the body

A

white blood cells

53
Q

It assists the body in protecting
itself against bacterial infections

A

The spleen

54
Q

Stomach acid kills most harmful bacteria. Antibodies secreted by the intestinal cells attack viruses and other pathogens that have landed in the intestinal tract

A

Stomach and intestines

55
Q

2 types of pathogens

A
  1. Cellular(Living)
  2. Acellular(Non-living)
56
Q

4 types of cellular

A
  1. Parasites
  2. Protozoa
  3. Fungi
  4. Prokaryote
57
Q

2 types of Acellular

A
  1. Virus
  2. Prion
58
Q

5 ways in building strong immunity

A
  1. Get sleep
  2. Hydrate
  3. Eat well
  4. Wash hands
  5. Exercise
59
Q

Organisms that can reproduce their own food.

A

Autotrophs

60
Q

A Type of reproduction that doesn’t require a partner to reproduce.

A

Asexual reproduction

61
Q

A biological process in which organisms can produce another of their kind.

A

reproduction

62
Q

Organism is reproduced by producing an outgrowth.

A

Budding

63
Q

The process of obtaining food necessary for health, survival, and growth.

A

Nutrition

64
Q

Through this process, gasses are transferred in opposite directions across respiratory surface.

A

Gas exchange

65
Q

The flow of air to the lungs starts from the nostrils to ______

A

nasal cavity

66
Q

The serial or acting nervous system of plants.

A

Root tip/ serial nervous system

67
Q

The acting immune system of plants.

A

Cell/Cell signaling

68
Q

The third line of defense in the human body defense system against pathogens.

A

Adaptive immune system that includes specialized cells(T and B lymphocytes)

69
Q

The gas exchange systems used by frogs.

A

Gas exchange: skin

70
Q

The tissues used by plants for food and water transport.

A

Xylem and Phloem

71
Q

The medium used by animals to transport nutrients to all part of the body.

A

Blood, Blood vessels, Heart

72
Q

The nervous system of unicellular organisms.

A

biochemical signaling/sensory structures

73
Q

Which of the following organisms primarily rely on external digestion for nutrient absorption?

A

Fungi

74
Q

Which mode of gas exchange is common in aquatic organisms like fish?

A

Gas exchange: Gill system

75
Q

In animals, which organ is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood and regulation of fluids?

A

Kidney

76
Q

Which among the choices is the primary function of hemoglobin in animals?

A

transport oxygen from the lungs or gills to the tissues and organs

77
Q

Which of the following is an example of a parasitic mode of nutrition?

A

lice, tapeworms

78
Q

In plants, which is the primary product of photosynthesis used for energy storage?

A

glucose

79
Q

Which among the choices is the role of nephron in the excretory system of animals?

A

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion of substances to regulate the composition of urine and maintain the balance of electrolytes and fluids in the body.

80
Q

Which gas is exchanged during respiration in both plants and animals?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

81
Q

In a population of sexually reproducing animals, what is the main advantage of genetic
variation through sexual reproduction?
A. Increased likelihood of survival in a changing environment
B. Faster reproduction rates
C. Higher resistance to diseases
D. Greater energy efficiency

A

A. Increased likelihood of survival in a changing environment

82
Q

How does parthenogenesis differ from sexual reproduction in animals?
A. Parthenogenesis involves the fusion of gametes.
B. Parthenogenesis results in genetic variation.
C. Parthenogenesis does not require fertilization.
D. Parthenogenesis occurs only in mammals.

A

C. Parthenogenesis does not require fertilization.

83
Q

In a species with external fertilization, what challenges and advantages does this
reproductive strategy pose compared to internal fertilization?
A. Greater parental care is needed, but there is a higher chance of offspring survival.
B. Fewer offspring are produced, but there is a lower risk of predation.
C. Large numbers of offspring are produced, but there is a higher risk of predation.
D. Both strategies have similar challenges and advantages.

A

C. Large numbers of offspring are produced, but there is a higher risk of predation.

84
Q

Imagine an insect species living in a dense forest with limited air movement. Which
adaptation would enhance their respiratory efficiency?
A. Increased tracheal branching
B. Larger lung capacity
C. Surface area reduction
D. Increased stomatal density

A

A. Increased tracheal branching

Preparation for FINALS (5 decks)

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