Biology 1b

Question 0

How has arctic animals adapted?

Answer 0

Small SA
well insulated
Camouflage

Question 1

How have desert animals adapted?

Answer 1

Large SA
Concentrated urine
Thin layers of body fat and coat
Camouflage

Question 2

How have desert animals adapted?

Answer 2

Small surface area
Water storage tissues
Shallow extensive roots

Question 3

How have plants and animals adapted to deter predators?

Answer 3

Armour
Poisons
Waning colours

Question 4

What is an extremophile?

Answer 4

A microorganism adapted to extreme conditions like salty lakes, high pressure, hot volcanic vents

Question 5

What to plants compete for?

Answer 5

Light
Space
Water
Minerals

Question 6

What do animals compete for?

Answer 6

Territory
Water
Food
Mates

Question 7

What living factors are there?

Answer 7

Infectious disease
Prey
Predators
Competitors

Question 8

What non living factors are there?

Answer 8

Temperature
Rainfall
Pollution

Question 9

How do environmental changes affect population?

Answer 9

Pop size increases
Pop size decreases
Distribution changes

Question 10

What are indicator species?

Answer 10

Organisms sensitive to changes in their environment

Question 11

What are lichen?

Answer 11

Sensitive to sulfur dioxide, lots of lichen means clean air

Question 12

What does mayflae larvae indicate?

Answer 12

Clean water

Question 13

What species indicate polluted conditions?

Answer 13

Sludge worms

Rat tail Maggots

Question 14

What non living indicators are there?

Answer 14

Satellites measure sea surface temp
Automatic weather stations
Rain gauges
Dissolved oxygen meter

Question 15

How does energy disappear in food chains?

Answer 15

Respiration for movement
Hear
Inedible material
Waste

Question 16

What I a stable community?

Answer 16

Materials taken out balanced by those out back in

Question 17

What conditions do microorganisms work best in?

Answer 17

Warm and moist and oxygen

Question 18

How is carbon recycled back into atmosphere?

Answer 18

Combustion
Respiration
Decay

Question 19

What causes genetic variation?

Answer 19

Genes inherited by both parents

Question 20

What characteristics are determined by genetics?!

Answer 20

Blood group

Eye colour

Question 21

What characteristics are influenced by environment?

Answer 21

Skin colour
Disfigurement 
Weight
Height 
Teeth condition

Question 22

What controls characteristics?

Answer 22

Genes

Question 23

What are alleles?

Answer 23

Different variations of the same gene

Question 24

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 24

Fusion of gametes | Genetic variation

Question 25

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 25

No fusion of gametes or mixing of chromosomes so they're genetically identical

Question 26

How to cuttings work?

Answer 26

Cuttings from good plant Plant in moist conditions Produce genetically identical copies QUICK AND CHEAP

Question 27

What is tissue culture?

Answer 27

Plant cells grown in culture medium with hormones | QUICK AND LITTLE SPACE

Question 28

What are embryo transplants?

Answer 28

Sperm cells from prize bull and egg cells from prize cow Embryo fertilised and splits Cloned embryos implanted in lots of other cows Hundreds of ideal offspring produced

Question 29

What is adult cell cloning?

Answer 29

``` Remove nucleus from egg cell Remove nucleus from adult body cell Put Nucleus in egg cell Electric shock Embryo divides Implanted in adult female DOLLY THE SHEEP!!! ```

Question 30

What issues surround cloning?

Answer 30

``` ❌Reduced gene pool ❌Not as healthy ❌Unsuccessful and harming attempts ✔️preserve endangered species ✔️understand age related disorders ```

Question 31

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 31

Cut useful gene with enzymes Cut chromosome and then insert useful gene Can be inserted into bacteria and grown an people with diabetes use it

Question 32

Why have genes been transferred into animals and plants?

Answer 32

GM crops resistant to viruses Sheep produce drugs in milk Gene therapy (inserting working genes into sufferers)

Question 33

What are the prod and cons of GM crops?

Answer 33

``` ✔️increase yield of crop ✔️provide nutrients ✔️grown elsewhere without problems ❌reduce farmland biodiversity ❌herbicide resistance ❌not safe ```

Question 34

What is the theory of evolution?

Answer 34

More than 3 billion years ago, life began on earth as simple organisms from which complex organisms have evolved

Question 35

What are evolutionary relationships?

Answer 35

Recent common ancestor | Look alike

Question 36

Eat are ecological relationships?

Answer 36

Similar characterises suggest they're in competition | Differences show predator-prey relationships

Question 37

What is natural selection?

Answer 37

Show variation Useful characteristics Survive Pass on genes to next generation

Question 38

Why does evolution occur?

Answer 38

Mutations of DNA

Question 39

Why didn't people agree with Darwin?

Answer 39

Went against religious beliefs Couldn't give a good explanation about genes Wasn't enough evidence

Question 40

What were Lamarks ideas?

Answer 40

Used a lot and would become more developed | Acquired characteristics past onto next generation

Question 41

Why might scientists develop different hypotheses?

Answer 41

Beliefs Influence by others Think differently

Question 42

Why was Lamarks hypothesis rejected?

Answer 42

Experiments didn't support hypothesis e.g. Hamster dyed fur

Question 43

Why was Darwin's theory more accepted?

Answer 43

Discovery of genes