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Grade 10 Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe a plant cell

A

Rectangular, Cell wall, Darkest part = central vacuole

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2
Q

Describe an animal cell

A

Circular, cell wall, darkest part = nucleus

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3
Q

Describe chromatin

A

Loose, thread like fibres

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4
Q

Describe chromatids

A

Duplicated dna strands

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5
Q

Describe chromosomes

A

Condensed, rod shaped

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6
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

Replication and reproduction

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7
Q

Describe prophase

A

Chromosomes condense, spindle fibres form, nuclear envelope breaks down

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8
Q

Describe metaphase

A

Chromosomes like up along the equator of the cell

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9
Q

Describe anaphase

A

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

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10
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes lose shape, nuclear envelope reforms

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11
Q

G1 phase

A

Cell rapidly grows replicate, organelles and carries normal cell functions

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12
Q

G2 Phase

A

Cell produces organelles and structures for cell division

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13
Q

S phase

A

Sell duplicates, DNA, now in long strands chromatids, human cell now has 92 chromosomes

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14
Q

Epithelial

A

Lions, body cavities, covers outer body

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15
Q

Connective

A

Joins other tissues, stores fat, fills empty space

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16
Q

Muscle

A

Skeletal = movement
Smooth = lines organs
Cardiac = muscle of the heart

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17
Q

Nervous

A

Creating, sending, and receiving messages throughout the body

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18
Q

Cancer

A

A disease where cells grow uncontrollably, divide quickly, and spread to other parts of the body

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19
Q

Cancer cells

A

Divide uncontrollably, does not perform normal cell functions using all of their energy to divide

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20
Q

How cancer is diagnosed

A

Tests = physical exams, imaging, lab tests, biopsy

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21
Q

How cancer is treated

A

Surgery, chemo, radiation

22
Q

How cancer is reduced

A

Avoid smoking, healthy diet, physically active, protect skin , vaccinated

23
Q

Stem cells

A

Special cells in the body that can self renewal, develop into different types of specialized cells

24
Q

Why are stem cells great interest to researchers

A

Regeneration, disease study, potential cures

25
Q

Stem cells: what ethical issues surround their use?

A

Embryonic stem cells, consent, equity

26
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart, oxygen rich, no valves, blood flows under high pressure

27
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood toward the heart, oxygen pour, has valves, blood flows under low pressure

28
Q

What is the nasal cavity and oral cavity used for

A

Breathing

29
Q

Pharynx

A

Passageway for air and food

30
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box, prevents food from entering trachea

31
Q

Trachea

A

Pipe that carry’s air to bronchi

32
Q

Bronchi

A

Branches of the trachea that deliver air to lungs

33
Q

Bronchioles

A

Lead to alveoli’s

34
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood

35
Q

Diaphragm

A

Contacts and relaxes well breathing

36
Q

Heart

A

Pumps blood throughout the body; 4 chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles)

37
Q

Blood vessels

A

Arteries, veins, capillaries

38
Q

Blood

A

Carries all molecules throughout the body

39
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs between air

40
Q

Mouth

A

Break down food by chewing with saliva

41
Q

Esophagus

A

A tube that moves food down

42
Q

Stomach

A

Digests food

43
Q

Small intestine

A

Absorbs nutrients

44
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorbs water and leftover nutrients

45
Q

Colon

A

Waste pushed in

46
Q

Rectum

A

Stored here till exited

47
Q

The path air takes as it enters the body

A

Mouth -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli -> pulmonary capillaries -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> arteries -> capillaries

48
Q

Describe the path food takes

A

Mouth -> pharynx -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine -> colon -> rectum

49
Q

X-rays

A

Electromagnetic radiation (fractures and bone breaks)

50
Q

MRI

A

Images of tissues

51
Q

CT scan

A

X ray images (tumors, cancers)

52
Q

Ultrasound

A

Internal structures

Grade 10 Science (4 decks)

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