Biology Flashcards
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy is called ___.
photosynthesis.
What is the primary function of DNA?
To store and transmit genetic information.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule? A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Salt D) Proteins
C) Salt.
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds.
True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.
False.
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
To synthesize proteins.
Fill in the blank: The ___ is the powerhouse of the cell.
mitochondria.
Multiple choice: Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? A) Mitochondria B) Chloroplast C) Nucleus D) Ribosome
B) Chloroplast.
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
To speed up the reactions by lowering the activation energy.
True or False: All enzymes are proteins.
True.
What is the process of cellular respiration?
The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Fill in the blank: Genetic information is passed from parent to offspring through ___.
DNA.
Multiple choice: Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase
C) Anaphase.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To protect the cell and regulate the movement of substances in and out.
True or False: Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
True.
Fill in the blank: The ___ is responsible for controlling cell activities and contains genetic material.
nucleus.
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a type of RNA? A) mRNA B) tRNA C) rRNA D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.
True or False: Evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth.
True.
Fill in the blank: The theory of ___ describes how species change over time through natural selection.
evolution.
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.
Multiple choice: Which process involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria? A) Transformation B) Transduction C) Conjugation D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content, one inherited from each parent.
True or False: The genetic makeup of an organism is called its phenotype.
False.
Fill in the blank: The observable traits of an organism are known as its ___.
phenotype.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort, and package proteins for secretion or use within the cell.
Multiple choice: Which of the following processes creates ATP? A) Photosynthesis B) Cellular respiration C) Fermentation D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
To absorb light energy, primarily from the sun.
True or False: All living organisms reproduce.
True.
Fill in the blank: The basic building blocks of proteins are ___.
amino acids.
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein function.
Multiple choice: Which type of cell division produces gametes? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Binary fission D) Budding
B) Meiosis.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize proteins and lipids and transport them within the cell.
True or False: Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution.
True.
Fill in the blank: The ___ is the part of the cell responsible for packaging and transporting materials.
Golgi apparatus.
What is the function of the lysosome?
To digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism? A) Bacteria B) Fungi C) Plants D) Animals
A) Bacteria.
What is the primary component of the cell wall in plants?
Cellulose.
True or False: Viruses are considered living organisms.
False.
Fill in the blank: The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called ___.
transcription.
What is the role of the plasma membrane?
To regulate what enters and exits the cell and maintain homeostasis.
Multiple choice: Which scientist is known for the theory of natural selection? A) Gregor Mendel B) Charles Darwin C) Louis Pasteur D) Watson and Crick
B) Charles Darwin.
What is an ecosystem?
A community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment.
True or False: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
True.
