Biology

Question 1

Where are chromosomes found

Answer 1

In the nucleus of the cell

Question 2

How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell and how many are there is a human gamete

Answer 2

There are 46 in a human body cell and 23 in a human gamete

Question 3

DNA is wrapped round proteins called what and what do they form

Answer 3

They are called histones to form chromosomes

Question 4

DNA is double stranded and are made up of what

Answer 4

They are made up of sun United called nucleotides

Question 5

If it is bb what is this called

Answer 5

Homozygous recessive

Question 6

If it is BB what is this called

Answer 6

Homozygous dominant

Question 7

If it Bb what is this called

Answer 7

Heterozygous

Question 8

What’s the definition of an allele

Answer 8

Different forms of the same gene

Question 9

What is the definition of dominant

Answer 9

It is an allele of a gene that is exposed in the heterozygous genotype

Question 10

What is the definition of a genotype

Answer 10

Alleles that is not expressed in the phenotype when a dominant allele of the gene is present

Question 11

What is the definition of a genotype

Answer 11

Alleles an organism has for a certain characteristic

Question 12

What’s the definition of a phenotype

Answer 12

How the gene is expressed. The appearance of an organism resulting from its genotype

Question 13

What’s the definition of homozygous

Answer 13

Genotype with the same alleles of a gene

Question 14

What’s the definition of heterozygous

Answer 14

A genotype with different alleles

Question 15

What’s the definition of codominant

Answer 15

If 2 alleles are expressed in the same phenotype

Question 16

What’s the definition of polygenic inheritance

Answer 16

Many characteristics are controlled by two or more genes working together

Question 17

The strand of DNA molecule that codes for the manufacture of proteins in a cell is called what

Answer 17

The temple strand

Question 18

Proteins are made up of chains of what

Answer 18

Amino acids

Question 19

Explain transcription

Answer 19

• RNA polymerase binds to a region of non coding DNA in front of a gene
• the two DNA strands unzip and the polymerase moves along the strand
• it uses the coding DNA in the gene as a template to make the RNA. Base pairing between the DNA and the RNA ensures that the mRNA is complementary to the gene
• once this has been made the mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus and joins with a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 20

Explain translation

Answer 20

• amino acids are brought to the ribosome by another RNA molecule called transfer RNA
• in order in which the amino acids are brought in are in the same order of the condones in the mRNA.
• parts of the tRnAs structure is called an anticodon these are complementary to the codones for the amino acid. The pairing of the 2 makes sure that the amino acids are brought to the ribosome is in the correct order
• the amino acids are joined together by the ribosome. This makes a protein