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Biology > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

(Unit 2)

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atom

A

Building block of matter

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Center of an Atom

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3
Q

Protons

A

(+) Positive Charge

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4
Q

Nuetrons

A

(=) Nuetral

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5
Q

Electrons

A

(-) Negative

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6
Q

What is an Element?

A

pure substance, cannot be broken down

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7
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of same element w/ different # of neutrons. C-14

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8
Q

What is Carbon Dating?

A

Measure of radioactive (unstable) C-14 levels relative to C-12. Half Life =5730 years

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9
Q

Compounds

A

pure substance, can be broken down (chemically), two or more combined elements.

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10
Q

Covalent Bond

A

electrons that are shared between
atoms.

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11
Q

Result of Covalent Bonds?

A

Compound/Molecule is formed

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12
Q

Ionic Bond

A

The attraction between oppositely charged atoms

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13
Q

Ion

A

An atom if it gains or loses an electron.

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14
Q

van der Waals Forces

A

attractive forces between the positive and negative regions on molecules

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15
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

Rearrangement of
molecular or ionic structure.

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16
Q

Reactants

A

Starting substances

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17
Q

Products

A

Substances formed by a reaction

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18
Q

Activation Energy

A

minimum amount of energy
required for reaction.

19
Q

Speed up reaction/lower activation energy by

A

↑ temperature
- ↑ concentration of molecules
- ↑ pressure
- add a catalyst/enzyme!

20
Q

Exothermic

A

releases energy as heat, more energy
in reactants than products (feels warm).

21
Q

Endothermic

A

absorbs energy, more energy in
products than reactants (feels cold).

22
Q

Catalyst

A

substance that lowers activation
energy required (speeds up reaction).

23
Q

Enzyme

A

ends in “ase”

24
Q

Substrate

A

Reactants that bind to the enzyme

25
Q

Active Site

A

Location where reactants bind to the enzyme

26
Q

Polar Molecule

A

has an uneven charge (+/-) distribution.

27
Q

What is held together by covalent bonds?

A

H2O (water)

28
Q

4 properties of water?

A

Less dense when frozen
Regulates Global Temperature
Capillary Action
Universal Solvent

29
Q

Cohesion

A

waters attraction to itself

30
Q

Adhesion

A

waters attraction to other molecules

31
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of 2 substances

32
Q

Homogeneous

A

Uniform

33
Q

Heterogenius

A

Different

34
Q

Solution

A

Homogeneous Mixture

35
Q

Solvent

A

A substance that dissolves another

36
Q

Solute

A

A substance that is dissolved

37
Q

Acid

A

releases hydrogen ions (H+)

38
Q

Base

A

releases hydroxide ions (OH)

39
Q

pH

A

Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

40
Q

pH scale ranges from

A

0-14

41
Q

pH scale acid?

A

0-6

42
Q

pH Neutral

A

7

43
Q

pH Base

A

8-14

44
Q
A

Biology (7 decks)

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