Biology Flashcards
Cell
Cells are the building blocks of living organisms.
Unicellular:
Organisms that are made of a single cell
Multicellular
Organisms made up of more than one cell.
Nutrients
chemicals that your body needs for energy, growth and repair that come from food.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Transports substances around the body.
What things does CIRCULATORY SYSTEM transport around the body?
–> carries nutrients & oxygen to the cells for respiration
–> Removes CO2 from cells, taking it to lungs to be exhaled
–> Transports other watse products to places where the can be disposed
–> Distributes heat around the body
what are the 3 Blood Vessels?
Arteries, Capillaries, Veins.
Arteries
Carries the blood away from the heart
Capillaries
The finest (smallest) of the blood vessels.
In charge of the exchange of nutrients and blood between body cells.
Veins
Carry the blood back to the heart
Heart
Pumps blood around the body
Oxygenated Blood
Blood that is rich in oxygen, usually shown as bright red
De-Oxygenated
Blood that is high is Carbon Dioxide and low in oxygen, usually shown as dark red
Respiratory System
In charge of making you breathe and bringing oxygen into the body
Nose
Is the primary entry point for air.
nostrils
Bring in air to the nasal cavity
Nasal cavity
Has tiny hairs and a membrane of mucus that traps particles and moistens the air
Mouth and Oral Cavity
–>Serves as an alternative entry point for air.
–> Is essential for speech and swallowing.
Pharynx (Throat)
–> Connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the trachea.
–> Common pathway for food and air.
Epiglottis
–> prevents the food from entering the trachea when swallowing.
–> A flap-like structure located in the pharynx
Larynx (Voice Box)
–> Connects the pharynx to the trachea
–> allows air to pass while preventing food/ drinks from blocking airway
–> Tough , flexible segment
Trachea (windpipe)
–> connects laryxn to the bronchi
–> enables airflow to and from the lungs
Bronchi
–> The main airways to the lungs
Cillia
Tiny hair-like structures that line the bronchi, responsible for moving mucus out of your lungs to keep them clean and healthy.
Bronchioles
–> Are small branching air passages inside the lungs
–> Serve as conduits for air connecting the large bronchi to the alveoli
Alveoli
–> Where gas exchange occurs
–> Oxygen enters the blood stream ( by capillaries) through the single layer of lung cells
–> carbon dioxide is removed from the blood stream into the alveoli then removed from the body through exhalation
Alveoli structure
–> Tiny air sacs located at the end of bronchioles
–> Has a very thing cell outer layer allowing gases to pass through easily
Lungs
Holds the air we breathe
Diaphragm
The muscle that sits below the lungs, control their volume by contracting and relaxing helping us breathe.
Breathing IN
–> Diaphragm contracts
–> Lungs expand
–> lungs fill with air
Breathing OUT
–> Diaphragm expands/relaxes
–> Lungs contract
–> Air is pushed out of the lungs
Cell respiration
The process by which organisms use oxygen to breakdown food molecules to get energy for cell functions
What is the equation for cell respiration?
Oxygen + Glucose (sugar)—> Produces water + Carbon dioxide + energy
What is the first phase of the heart beat?
The 2 atria contract, pushing blood down into the ventricles.
What is the second phase of the heart beat?
The ventricles contract forcing the blood out of the heart to the body and lungs.
What is the third phase of the heart beat?
The heart muscle relaxes and the atria fill with blood.
How does exercise affect the heart rate?
Your muscles need oxygen and sugar for energy to do exercise, so the heart pumps faster so the muscles get the fuel they need, increasing your heart rate
What impacts your heart rate?
- Stress
- Medication
- Caffeine
- Exercise
- Fitness level
How does exercise effect the respiratory system?
When you exercise you take deeper and heavier breaths because your lungs are working faster to supply the muscles with the oxygen they demand.
What is the heartbeat?
How many times your heart beats in a minute.
