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Science Year 8 🧬 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell

A

Cells are the building blocks of living organisms.

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2
Q

Unicellular:

A

Organisms that are made of a single cell

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3
Q

Multicellular

A

Organisms made up of more than one cell.

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4
Q

Nutrients

A

chemicals that your body needs for energy, growth and repair that come from food.

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5
Q

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A

Transports substances around the body.

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6
Q

What things does CIRCULATORY SYSTEM transport around the body?

A

–> carries nutrients & oxygen to the cells for respiration

–> Removes CO2 from cells, taking it to lungs to be exhaled

–> Transports other watse products to places where the can be disposed

–> Distributes heat around the body

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7
Q

what are the 3 Blood Vessels?

A

Arteries, Capillaries, Veins.

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8
Q

Arteries

A

Carries the blood away from the heart

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9
Q

Capillaries

A

The finest (smallest) of the blood vessels.
In charge of the exchange of nutrients and blood between body cells.

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10
Q

Veins

A

Carry the blood back to the heart

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11
Q

Heart

A

Pumps blood around the body

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12
Q

Oxygenated Blood

A

Blood that is rich in oxygen, usually shown as bright red

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13
Q

De-Oxygenated

A

Blood that is high is Carbon Dioxide and low in oxygen, usually shown as dark red

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14
Q

Respiratory System

A

In charge of making you breathe and bringing oxygen into the body

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15
Q

Nose

A

Is the primary entry point for air.

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16
Q

nostrils

A

Bring in air to the nasal cavity

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17
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Has tiny hairs and a membrane of mucus that traps particles and moistens the air

18
Q

Mouth and Oral Cavity

A

–>Serves as an alternative entry point for air.

–> Is essential for speech and swallowing.

19
Q

Pharynx (Throat)

A

–> Connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the trachea.

–> Common pathway for food and air.

20
Q

Epiglottis

A

–> prevents the food from entering the trachea when swallowing.

–> A flap-like structure located in the pharynx

21
Q

Larynx (Voice Box)

A

–> Connects the pharynx to the trachea
–> allows air to pass while preventing food/ drinks from blocking airway
–> Tough , flexible segment

22
Q

Trachea (windpipe)

A

–> connects laryxn to the bronchi
–> enables airflow to and from the lungs

23
Q

Bronchi

A

–> The main airways to the lungs

24
Q

Cillia

A

Tiny hair-like structures that line the bronchi, responsible for moving mucus out of your lungs to keep them clean and healthy.

25
Q

Bronchioles

A

–> Are small branching air passages inside the lungs
–> Serve as conduits for air connecting the large bronchi to the alveoli

26
Q

Alveoli

A

–> Where gas exchange occurs
–> Oxygen enters the blood stream ( by capillaries) through the single layer of lung cells
–> carbon dioxide is removed from the blood stream into the alveoli then removed from the body through exhalation

27
Q

Alveoli structure

A

–> Tiny air sacs located at the end of bronchioles
–> Has a very thing cell outer layer allowing gases to pass through easily

28
Q

Lungs

A

Holds the air we breathe

29
Q

Diaphragm

A

The muscle that sits below the lungs, control their volume by contracting and relaxing helping us breathe.

30
Q

Breathing IN

A

–> Diaphragm contracts
–> Lungs expand
–> lungs fill with air

31
Q

Breathing OUT

A

–> Diaphragm expands/relaxes
–> Lungs contract
–> Air is pushed out of the lungs

32
Q

Cell respiration

A

The process by which organisms use oxygen to breakdown food molecules to get energy for cell functions

33
Q

What is the equation for cell respiration?

A

Oxygen + Glucose (sugar)—> Produces water + Carbon dioxide + energy

34
Q

What is the first phase of the heart beat?

A

The 2 atria contract, pushing blood down into the ventricles.

35
Q

What is the second phase of the heart beat?

A

The ventricles contract forcing the blood out of the heart to the body and lungs.

36
Q

What is the third phase of the heart beat?

A

The heart muscle relaxes and the atria fill with blood.

37
Q

How does exercise affect the heart rate?

A

Your muscles need oxygen and sugar for energy to do exercise, so the heart pumps faster so the muscles get the fuel they need, increasing your heart rate

38
Q

What impacts your heart rate?

A
  • Stress
  • Medication
  • Caffeine
  • Exercise
  • Fitness level
39
Q

How does exercise effect the respiratory system?

A

When you exercise you take deeper and heavier breaths because your lungs are working faster to supply the muscles with the oxygen they demand.

40
Q

What is the heartbeat?

A

How many times your heart beats in a minute.

Science Year 8 🧬 (3 decks)

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