Biology Flashcards
What do all organisms need food/glucose for?
Respiration
Where in the plant does photosynthesis occur, and in which part of the cell
Leaves, chloroplast
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide +water –> glucose + oxygen
What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What does carbon dioxide diffuse through?
The stomata
What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
Endothermic
3 adaptations in the plant and how this helps photosynthesis.
Leave are broad - larger surface area for light to be absorbed
Leaves are thin - diffusion distances for gases are short
Guard cells - open and close stomata to regulate gas exchange
What are the uses of glucose in plants?
Release energy for respiration
Converted to insoluble starch for energy storage
Produce cellulose to make cell walls
Combine with nitrate ions from the soil to make amino acids
What is hydroponics?
Where plants are grown in water with mineral ions, instead of soil
The mineral ion concentrations can be carefully controlled and optimised
Equation for light intensity.
1/distance^2
What is aerobic respiration?
a chemical reaction using oxygen and glucose to transfer energy for all living processes
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
in eukaryotic cells in the mitochondria
Word formula for aerobic respiration.
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
Chemical formula for aerobic respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What type of reaction is aerobic respiration?
Exothermic
What are the uses of aerobic respiration?
Building or breaking down molecules
Enables muscle contraction in animals
Maintain body temperature
Enabling movement of materials via active transport
Anaerobic respiration word formula
glucose –> lactic acid
Anaerobic respiration chemical formula
C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3
When does anaerobic respiration occur?
When there is not a sufficient oxygen supply
What is oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen needed after exercise to oxidise lactic acid back into glucose
Where does fermentation occur?
in yeast and plant cells
What are five changes in the body during exercise?
Increased heart rate
Increased blood flow
Increased glucose and oxygen delivery to muscles
Increased rate and depth of breathing
Increased rate of respiration
