Biology Flashcards

Learn year 8 biology

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1
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst, something which speeds up chemical
reactions without being used up

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2
Q

Give 3 problems caused by being underweight.

A

Health problems like a poor immune system, lack of energy
or tiredness, lack of vitamins or minerals.

Accept any other reasons that seem fitting for the question.

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3
Q

Why does digestion make large molecules into
smaller ones?

A

They can then pass into the blood.

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4
Q

What is the energy in food measured in?

A

Joules (J)

Accept kilo joules (Kj)

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5
Q

What type of alcohol is in alcoholic drinks?

A

Ethanol

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6
Q

What does the body use lipids for?

A

Insulation (keeping warm)

Accept for energy

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7
Q

What does a deficiency of vitamin A lead to?

A

Night blindness (unable to see in dim light).

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8
Q

What would you use to test food for starch?

A

Iodine

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9
Q

What does the body use carbohydrates for?

A

Energy

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10
Q

How does carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke
affect people?

A

It stops the blood from carrying as much oxygen as it
could, by binding to red blood cells instead of oxygen.

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11
Q

Name the 7 components of a healthy diet.

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water,
Fibre.

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12
Q

How do you test food for sugar?

A

Add benedict’s solution

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13
Q

Give 3 health conditions caused by smoking.

A

Lung cancer, heart attacks, strokes.

Accept any other reasons that seem fitting for the question.

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14
Q

What is the term for different
organisms trying to get the same
resource?

A

Competition.

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15
Q

What do we call the features which
allow organisms to survive the best?

A

Adaptations.

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16
Q

Give 4 adaptations of desert plants.

A

 A waxy layer preventing water from escaping.
 Stems that store water.
 Widespread roots to collect water from a
large area.
 Spines instead of leaves to reduce water loss
and prevent them from being eaten.

Accept any other reasons that seem fitting for the question.

17
Q

Give an adaptation of deciduous trees.

A

They lose their leaves in winter.

18
Q

What is the name for the range of
living organisms in an area?

A

Biodiversity.

19
Q

Give an example of discontinuous
variation.

A

Blood group, eye colour

Accept any other reasons that seem fitting for the question.

20
Q

Where is DNA found in cells?

A

The nucleus.

21
Q

What do we call a section of a
chromosome which codes for a
specific characteristic?

A

A gene

22
Q

. How many chromosomes are found in a halploid nucleus.

A

23 (46 in a normal nucleus)

23
Q

Summarise natural selection in
peppered moths.

A

 Before the industrial revolution, most
peppered moths were pale and hid on pale
trees. The odd black moth was seen and eaten
by birds.
 Pale moths survived, so most moths continued to be pale.
 During the industrial revolution, the trees
around cities got sooty and darker.
 The pale moths stood out and were eaten by
birds.
 The darker moths survived to reproduce, and
so the dark form became more common around
cities.

Accept any other reasons that seem fitting for the question.

24
Q

Give 4 causes of extinction

A

 Changes to the environment.
 Habitat destruction.
 Disease.
 New predators or competitors.

25
Q

Give the word equation for
photosynthesis.

A

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

26
Q

What do producers do?

A

Make their own food.

27
Q

Why are animals called consumers?

A

They eat other organisms to survive.

28
Q

Why is there a waxy
layer on a leaf?

A

This reduces water loss by evaporation.

29
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water -> gluclose + oxygen.

30
Q

In what part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?

A

The chloroplasts