Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SCIENCE 10 > BIOLOGY > Flashcards

BIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

How do mutations alter proteins?

A
  • By changing the order of nucleotides
  • By altering the sequence of amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What distinguishes point mutations from frameshift mutations?

A

Point mutations change one single nucleotide, while frameshift mutations can cause a shift in
the reading frame.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do frameshift mutations impact protein
synthesis?

A

They cause premature termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens to the amino acid sequence of a
protein when a mutation occurs?

A

It is altered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can mutations affect an organism’s survival and health?

A

Mutations can have both positive and negative
effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What role do mutations play in driving evolution and adaptation?

A

They create unique traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fossils?

A

Traces of ancient organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are the instructions for building proteins stored?

A

In genes (DNA).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which concept relates to the similarity between the wings of bats and the arms of primates?

A

Homology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do vestigial structures show about some
anatomical features?

A

They have lost their original function due to
environmental changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do homologous structures in different species suggest?

A

They share a common ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who proposed the idea that acquired traits could be inherited?

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

According to the theory of evolution, what will
happen to giraffes’ necks over time?

A

They will gradually elongate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What process accounts for gradual adaptations over generations?

A

Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How did Lamarck’s view on acquired traits differ from Darwin’s?

A

Lamarck believed acquired traits could be
inherited, while Darwin rejected this idea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which concept explains gradual adaptations over generations?

A

Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If explaining giraffe neck adaptations, which theory would focus on gradual changes over time?

A

Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does species diversity contribute to adaptive traits?

A

It allows for a wider range of genetic variations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does species richness ensure during
disturbances?

A

Redundancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What benefit does high plant species richness
provide for animals?

A

Abundant food sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does high species diversity contribute to the stability of an ecosystem?

A

It ensures redundancy and resilience

22
Q

What does biodiversity refer to?

A

The variety of life forms in an ecosystem

23
Q

What does the term “carrying capacity” represent?

A

The maximum population size an environment
can support

24
Q

Why can’t populations grow indefinitely?

A

Finite resources and environmental constraints

25
Q

How does high plant species richness benefit
animals?

A

Abundant food sources

26
Q

What is the primary role of progesterone in the
female reproductive system?

A

Enhancing uterine lining growth

27
Q

Which organ is responsible for producing sperm in males?

A

Testes

28
Q

What is the function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

A

Producing eggs (ova)

29
Q

What does “ovulation dysfunction” refer to?

A

Irregular or absent ovulation

30
Q

What impact can changes in estrogen levels have on the female reproductive system?

A

Irregular menstrual cycles

31
Q

What effect can changes in testosterone levels have on sperm production and quality?

A
  • Increased sperm count
  • Enhanced sperm motility
  • Reduced sperm quality
32
Q

What impact does low estrogen and progesterone levels have on the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland?

A

Enhances FSH secretion

33
Q

What impact does low estrogen and progesterone levels have on the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland?

A

Enhances FSH secretion

34
Q

What is the primary role of feedback mechanisms in coordinating ovarian follicle development, ovulation, and uterine lining preparation?

A

Coordinating hormonal changes

35
Q

What is the primary role of feedback mechanisms in coordinating ovarian follicle development, ovulation, and uterine lining preparation?

A

Coordinating hormonal changes

36
Q

What do sensory receptors primarily detect?

A

Light and sound from the external environment

37
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the
central nervous system (CNS)?

A

It processes sensory input and initiates responses.

38
Q

What do receptors inside the body primarily detect?

A
  • Changes in temperature
  • Levels of various electrolytes
  • Variations in carbon dioxide concentration
39
Q

What is the primary function of neurotransmitter release in communication between neurons?

A

Transmitting electrical impulses

40
Q

How does the nervous system respond to changes in internal temperature?

A
  • By releasing hormones
  • By activating sweat glands
  • By constricting blood vessels
  • By adjusting heart rate
41
Q

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is associated with the “fight or flight” response?

A

Sympathetic

42
Q

What is the primary function of the nervous system in safeguarding internal stability?

A

Maintaining homeostasis

43
Q

What is the primary role of mRNA in the cell?

A

Encoding genetic information

44
Q

Which cellular component is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

A

tRNA (transfer RNA)

45
Q

How does mRNA contribute to altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

A

By specifying the order of amino acids during
translation

46
Q

How can changes in mRNA levels affect gene
expression?

A

By inhibiting translation

47
Q

What consequence can decreased transcription of specific genes have on protein production?

A
  • Reduced protein diversity
  • Impaired protein function
48
Q

What potential consequence can arise from altering the instructions in mRNA?

A

Disruption of protein production

49
Q

Why might proteins not function correctly?

A

Altered DNA sequence

50
Q

What do mutations primarily affect?

A

Protein composition

SCIENCE 10 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions