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Science Unit 6 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do you use a microscope safely?

A

To use a microscope safely you would place the slide on the stage and then angle the mirror to shine through the stage on to the slide. You would then look through the eyepiece and use the focus wheel to focus on the specimen.

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2
Q

What is the formula for the total magnification?

A

Total magnification= eyepiece lens x objective lens.

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3
Q

What are microorganisms ?

A

Microorganisms are small living things that can only be seen under a microscope.

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4
Q

What are the three main types of microorganisms?

A

Virus, Bacteria, Fungus (smallest- largest)

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5
Q

What are two examples of microorganisms?

A

Yeast (fungus), Coli (Bacteria)

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6
Q

True or False?
Microorganisms come in different sizes.

A

True

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7
Q

Useful products made using microorganisms.

A

Bread(yeast), yoghurt, beer(yeast), Antibiotics(penicillen)

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8
Q

How can microorganisms also be harmful?

A

They can make people ill such as germs and viruses or bacterial infections

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9
Q

Is yeast required to make bread?

A

Yes it is

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10
Q

Why is yeast required to make bread?

A

It helps the bread to rise.

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11
Q

What is the word equation for yeast making bread rise?

A

yeast
Sugar —-> alcohol+ carbon dioxide

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12
Q

What is the word equation for yeast making bread rise called?

A

Fermentation

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13
Q

What type of microorganism is required to make yoghurt?

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

Name a useful bacteria?

A

Bifidobacterial (helps to break down food and keep you healthy.)

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15
Q

Name a harmful bacteria?

A

E.coli ( can cause food poisoning)

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16
Q

What is the role of antibiotics?

A

The role of antibiotics is to kill bacteria

17
Q

Who discovered antibiotics?

A

Alexander Fleming

18
Q

How did Alexander Fleming discover Antibiotics?

A

He was growing bacteria in a petri dish which had been contaminated by a mould, the bacteria were not able to grow near the mould. He realized that the mould must be releasing a chemical which was killing the bacteria, he called the substance penicillin.

19
Q

What are enzymes?

A

enzymes are substances that speed up chemical reactions.

20
Q

Where are enzymes found?

A

Enzymes are found in a living cells.

21
Q

Can enzymes be used to make products

A

Yes

22
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

They either build up or break down substances.

23
Q

What is the enzyme used to make cheese?

A

Rennet

24
Q

How is cheese made using enzymes?

A

when Rennet is mixed with mild it clots it. Resulting in curds (solid) and whey (liquid). The curds is the substance used to make cheese.

25
Q

What is a detergent?

A

A detergent is ‘something which cleans’. E.g. Soap, washing powders.

26
Q

Do all detergents contain enzymes?

A

No. Only biological detergents contain enzymes.

27
Q

how does a bioloigical detergent containning enzymes clean?

A

The enzymes digest (breakdown) the stain. The stain can then be washed away.

28
Q

What is lactose intolerance?

A

Lactose intolerance is where someone is allergic to the lactose found in milk.

29
Q

What is the enzyme used to breakdown lactose?

A

Lactase

30
Q

How is the Lactose broken down?

A

The lactase enzyme is trapped in a jelly bead. This process is called immobilization. The milk is then poured through the jelly beads. Lactose free milk then comes out the other side.

31
Q

What is the advantges of trapping the enzyme in a jelly bead?

A

It can be reused and easily separated form the product.

32
Q

What is used in the production of fruit juice?

A

Enzymes

33
Q

What does cellulase do?

A

Breaks down the cellulose to weaken the cell walls and makes it easier to extract the juice.

34
Q

What does pectinase do?

A

Pectinase breaks down the pectin holding the cells together therefore reduces its binding action.

35
Q

What are the two enzymes used in fruit production?

A

Cellulase and pectinase

36
Q

Why are enzymes used in fruit production?

A

The enzymes allow more juice to be released; this means more juice is made and there is less waste.

Science Unit 6 (3 decks)

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