Biology

Question 1

How do you use a microscope safely?

Answer 1

To use a microscope safely you would place the slide on the stage and then angle the mirror to shine through the stage on to the slide. You would then look through the eyepiece and use the focus wheel to focus on the specimen.

Question 2

What is the formula for the total magnification?

Answer 2

Total magnification= eyepiece lens x objective lens.

Question 3

What are microorganisms ?

Answer 3

Microorganisms are small living things that can only be seen under a microscope.

Question 4

What are the three main types of microorganisms?

Answer 4

Virus, Bacteria, Fungus (smallest- largest)

Question 5

What are two examples of microorganisms?

Answer 5

Yeast (fungus), Coli (Bacteria)

Question 6

True or False?
Microorganisms come in different sizes.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Useful products made using microorganisms.

Answer 7

Bread(yeast), yoghurt, beer(yeast), Antibiotics(penicillen)

Question 8

How can microorganisms also be harmful?

Answer 8

They can make people ill such as germs and viruses or bacterial infections

Question 9

Is yeast required to make bread?

Answer 9

Yes it is

Question 10

Why is yeast required to make bread?

Answer 10

It helps the bread to rise.

Question 11

What is the word equation for yeast making bread rise?

Answer 11

yeast
Sugar —-> alcohol+ carbon dioxide

Question 12

What is the word equation for yeast making bread rise called?

Answer 12

Fermentation

Question 13

What type of microorganism is required to make yoghurt?

Answer 13

Bacteria

Question 14

Name a useful bacteria?

Answer 14

Bifidobacterial (helps to break down food and keep you healthy.)

Question 15

Name a harmful bacteria?

Answer 15

E.coli ( can cause food poisoning)

Question 16

What is the role of antibiotics?

Answer 16

The role of antibiotics is to kill bacteria

Question 17

Who discovered antibiotics?

Answer 17

Alexander Fleming

Question 18

How did Alexander Fleming discover Antibiotics?

Answer 18

He was growing bacteria in a petri dish which had been contaminated by a mould, the bacteria were not able to grow near the mould. He realized that the mould must be releasing a chemical which was killing the bacteria, he called the substance penicillin.

Question 19

What are enzymes?

Answer 19

enzymes are substances that speed up chemical reactions.

Question 20

Where are enzymes found?

Answer 20

Enzymes are found in a living cells.

Question 21

Can enzymes be used to make products

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

What do enzymes do?

Answer 22

They either build up or break down substances.

Question 23

What is the enzyme used to make cheese?

Answer 23

Rennet

Question 24

How is cheese made using enzymes?

Answer 24

when Rennet is mixed with mild it clots it. Resulting in curds (solid) and whey (liquid). The curds is the substance used to make cheese.

Question 25

What is a detergent?

Answer 25

A detergent is ‘something which cleans’. E.g. Soap, washing powders.

Question 26

Do all detergents contain enzymes?

Answer 26

No. Only biological detergents contain enzymes.

Question 27

how does a bioloigical detergent containning enzymes clean?

Answer 27

The enzymes digest (breakdown) the stain. The stain can then be washed away.

Question 28

What is lactose intolerance?

Answer 28

Lactose intolerance is where someone is allergic to the lactose found in milk.

Question 29

What is the enzyme used to breakdown lactose?

Answer 29

Lactase

Question 30

How is the Lactose broken down?

Answer 30

The lactase enzyme is trapped in a jelly bead. This process is called immobilization. The milk is then poured through the jelly beads. Lactose free milk then comes out the other side.

Question 31

What is the advantges of trapping the enzyme in a jelly bead?

Answer 31

It can be reused and easily separated form the product.

Question 32

What is used in the production of fruit juice?

Answer 32

Enzymes

Question 33

What does cellulase do?

Answer 33

Breaks down the cellulose to weaken the cell walls and makes it easier to extract the juice.

Question 34

What does pectinase do?

Answer 34

Pectinase breaks down the pectin holding the cells together therefore reduces its binding action.

Question 35

What are the two enzymes used in fruit production?

Answer 35

Cellulase and pectinase

Question 36

Why are enzymes used in fruit production?

Answer 36

The enzymes allow more juice to be released; this means more juice is made and there is less waste.