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Elija > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

size of alveolus

A

50-100 m²

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2
Q

the volume of the bladder
Urine in l/24h

A

300 - 600ml
1,5 l/ 24 h

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3
Q

length of the urethra

A

M 20cm
F 4cm

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4
Q

Kidney
long, wide, weigh
location
cortex thickness

A

12cm, 6cm, 150g
12th thoracic 1st,2nd lumbar
4-5mm

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5
Q

how much blood recieve the kidneys in 24h

A

1700 l

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6
Q

How many nephrons in both kidneys?

A

2milions

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7
Q

Ureter
length, diameter

A

30cm long, about 8 mm

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8
Q

Which hormones are responsible for
water / salt reapsorbtion

A

anti’diuretic H (hypophysis)
mineralo’corticoid H (adrenal)

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9
Q

third tonsil

A

Pharyn’geal

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10
Q

teeth structur

A

enamel
dentine
pulp cavity (BV/N)
cement
jaw bone

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11
Q

3 saliva glands
how much ml/h

A

parotid
submandibula
sublingual
15-20 ml/h

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12
Q

where are the taste buds

A

papillae

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13
Q

length
small intestine
large intestine

A

5-7m
1,5m

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14
Q

Heart
weight
sections / wall
valves

A

woman 220g
man 300g
2atria
/septum
2ventricle
atrioˋventicular valves
semiˋlunar valves

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15
Q

how much O2 does the heart require

A

10%

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16
Q

What differentiate the Lymph from the Blood

A

1) more fats
2) 3-4 times less protein
3) far more Lymphocytes

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17
Q

Plasma [%]
Total Blood
water
plasma protein
minerals salts
other

A

55%
90-92%
8%
0,9
amino acids, glucose, fats, vitamins, hormones, etc

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18
Q

Erythrocytes
nucleus
number
age
size
NAME

A

no
5milion 1mm³
120 days
7-8 microM
haemoglobin

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19
Q

Leukocytes
nucleus
size
number
number in sickness
% of Lymphocytes (specialized)

A

Yes
10-16 microM
4 000 - 10 000 in 1mm³
20 000 in 1mm³
20-40%

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20
Q

Thrombocytes
nuclei
size
number
age

A

no
2-3 microM
300 000 in 1mm³
8-11 days

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21
Q

How many cycles do the heart?

A

70-75 per minute

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22
Q

The first
The second
immune defence
like what
when developed

A

Innate immunity: skin, mocosa/ through pregnency…
Acquired (specific) immunity; antibodis/ individual development

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23
Q

Types of Acquired immunity.

A

1) Natural immunity: self training during an infection
2) Artificial immunity: vaccines
=> immunization

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24
Q

Which are the ways to creat a vaccine?

A

high temperture, ultraviolet, gamma rays

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25
Q

Immunization with a serum
containing
sorce
examples, diseases

A

readily-made antibodies
blood from infacted certain animals
tetanus, cholera, plague……..

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26
Q

Right / Left
atrioventricular valve

A

Tri.cus.pid
Bi.cus.pid, mitral

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27
Q

Dawali arabic

A

Veri,cose vein

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28
Q

does not allow the thrombocytes to coagulate
secreted by …

A

Heparin
Liver(Hepar)

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29
Q

What is the bone structure combosed of?

A

(Ca,P,C) proteins, water…

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30
Q

dense connective tissue, surround the bone
functions

A

peri`osteum
nourishment
help broken bones to heal

31
Q

Before the bones turn to bones
Process.

A

Cartilaginous skeleton
ossification

32
Q

vertebrae parts and numbers

A

7 cervical/ 12 thorasic/ 5 lumbar/ 5 sacrum/ 4 coccyx
24

33
Q

how many ribs are they?

A

7 true, 3 false, 2 floating

34
Q

Types of joint.

A

1) Ball and Socket: shoulder, hip
2) Saddle-like: knee
3) Hinge: ankle
4) Planar: vertebrae
5) Pivot: radius-ulnar/ atlas-axis
6) Condyloid/ Trochear: metacarpal

35
Q

Physiological Properties of muscles.

A
  1. Excitability: from rest to excitement state
  2. Conductivity: irritation
  3. Contractility: shorten / requires Ca2+
36
Q

Movements of the muscles

A

Flexor / Extensor
Adductor / Abductor
ritator, synergetic, anta´gonists

37
Q

Types of muscle contraction

A

Isotonic: Movement (length change)
Isometric: Stability (tension change)

38
Q

The tubes in the Male R.S.
length

A

Epididymides: 6m
Vasa deferentia: 50cm

39
Q

Testes
weight
length and numbers of lobules

A

10-20g: is coverts with rich blood coat.
300m/ 250-300: each is made up of 1-3 thin folded tubules.

40
Q

sperm
time getting mature

A

Spermatozoa
72 days

41
Q

where is testosterone produced

A

special cells located between tubules in the testes.

42
Q

seminal fluid
volume
number

A

3 ml
300-600 million

43
Q

p
2 Bodies
top

A

Caver’nous bodies 2
Spongy body
Per’pu’tium: with sweat and sebaceous gland

44
Q

Ovaries
shape-size

A

almond 3-5cm

45
Q

number
primary egg-cells
mature egg-cells

A

40 000
450

46
Q

development of surrounding the egg-cell
secretion

A

follicles -> Graafian follicle -> yellow body
progesterone; and later the placenta

47
Q

Uterine tubes
length
type

A

10-12 cm
cilia
ciliated epithelium:
to help the egg to move towards the uterus

48
Q

Mammary glands
number of lobules

A

15-20

49
Q

outside Female S.O

A

Small and Large labia
clitoris
hymen

50
Q

Development of a fertilized egg

A

invagination-> organogenesis
Zygote -> Morula (2->16) -> Blasto’cyst -> Embryo -> Fetus

51
Q

Liquid in the alveolus

A

Surfactant

52
Q

Hind lobe of Hypophysis

A

Oxytocin (contracts the myo’metrium)
Antidiuretic H (Hypo. diabetes insipidus)

53
Q

Front lobe of Hypophysis

A

ACTH -> adrenal cortex
GH -> Bone-Muscle
MSH -> skin
TSH -> Thyroid
FSH/LH -> testes/Overy
Prolactin -> Breast

54
Q

Thyroid G

A

Thyroxine (Hypo. dum/ Hyper. endemic gioter)
Triiodothyronine

55
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A

Parathyrine H (Hypo. less Ca in blood/ Hyper. more Ca in blood)

56
Q

Pineal (Epiphyis) Gland
Secretions

A

Sterotonin / Melatonin (by darkness)

57
Q

Thymus

A

Thymosin (formation of T-cells)

58
Q

Panceas Gland

A

Insulin (more glycogen in liver/ Hypo. diabetes mellitus)
Glucagon (more glucose in blood)

59
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Gluco’corticoids (R. metabolism [suger, lipids, proteins] Immune.
Mineral’corticoids (R.C. ion, water /Hypo. Addison’s disease)
S.H. (R. S-organs in the end of Puberty)

60
Q

Adrenal mendulla

A

Nor-Adrenaline (heart rate/ B.P. / blood sugar)

61
Q

Pons Function

A

. mimic / chewing
. eye movement
. Nasal Oral cavity glands
. hearing / coordination

62
Q

Bodeis of Pons, Mendulla Oblongata, Midbrain

A

formatio reticularis

63
Q

Midbrain
Parts
Funktions

A

1) Colliculi: Suerior;visual/Inferior;auditory
2) Middle part (Tegmentum): Motor pathway/ pain inhipition/ Substancia nigra, red nucleus
3) Cerebral peduncles: pathway

64
Q

Diencephalon
Parts
Functions

A

Thalami: collation of all sensory I. except smell
Epithlamus: Pineal gland
Hypothalamus: 1. autonomic function/ 2. hormeostasis/ 3. limbic system: Satity,Hunger Rage,Joy Sleep,Wakefulness Sexual behavior/ 4. Connection to Hypophysis

65
Q

Cerebellum
Function

A
  1. Movement coordination
  2. Keeping the muscle tone
  3. Keeping balance
66
Q

How many myelinated axon bind the tow hemispheres?

A

200 mil

67
Q

Cortex of the Cerebrum
composed
thickness
number of neurons

A

Furrows (sulcus pl. sulci
Folds (gyrus pl. gyri
5mm
100 bil

68
Q

How many eye muscles are there?

A

6

69
Q

Inside of the eye
containing structure

A

Vitreous body
gel-like / 80% /
Ch: 98%water, salts, sugers, collagen fibrils

70
Q

Hearing receptors
frequency

A

Phono receptors
20-20 000

71
Q

Ear
nerves
nuclei

A

Vetibulocochlear
VII cranial
Midbrain
Diencephalon, only in balance

72
Q

Middle ear

A

eardrum
Eustachian tube
Ossicles
Hammer, malleus
Anvil, incus
Stirrup, stapes
Tympanic(eardrum) cavity

73
Q

Inner ear

A

Labyrinth
Vestibular: balance
Cochlea: hearing

74
Q

pathway of the olfactory

A

Receptor cells
((Olfactory bulb))
Neurons

Elija (4 decks)

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