biology

Question 1

what are the three stomach tissues?

Answer 1

Glandular, muscular, epihelial

Question 2

what does muscular tissue do?

Answer 2

contracts to churn food

Question 3

what does glandular tissue do?

Answer 3

releases digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid

Question 4

what does epithelial tissue do?

Answer 4

covers the inside/outside of the stomach

Question 5

what do the salivary glands do?

Answer 5

produces digestive juices

Question 6

what does the liver do?

Answer 6

produces bile, neutralises stomach acids, emulsifies lipids

Question 7

what does the stomach do?

Answer 7

digests food

Question 8

what does the pancreas do?

Answer 8

produces digestive juices

Question 9

what do the large intestines do?

Answer 9

absorbs waterr leaving faeces

Question 10

what do the small intestines do?

Answer 10

digests food and absorbs soluble food, absorbs nutrients

Question 11

define a balanced diet.

Answer 11

a balanced diet is a diet that contains the correct amounts and types of nutrients for the body to grow and stay healthy

Question 12

what do carbohydrates do?

Answer 12

provides energy

Question 13

what do lipids do?

Answer 13

provides enery and protects organs

Question 14

what does protein do?

Answer 14

used for growth and repair

Question 15

what do vitamins do?

Answer 15

keep you healthy

Question 16

what do minerals do?

Answer 16

keep you healthy

Question 17

what does water do?

Answer 17

used for chemical reactions

Question 18

what is fibre used for?

Answer 18

keeps your gut muscles strong

Question 19

what are the 7 nutrients

Answer 19

carbohydrates, lipids, fibre, water, protein, vitamins, minerals

Question 20

what can eating too little lead to?

Answer 20

scurvy, rickets, malnutrition, anaemia

Question 21

what can eating too much lead to?

Answer 21

diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, heart disease

Question 22

name a simple carbohydrate

Answer 22

sugar

Question 23

name a complex carbohydrate

Answer 23

starch

Question 24

how do you test for sugar?

Answer 24

1) to each food sample add 5cm3 of benedicts solution
2) if it is not blue already, keep padding 5cm3 of benedicts solution
3) place the tubes iin a 400 ml beaker
4) fill the beaker 3/4 full with boiling water
5) wait 10 mins
6) remove tubes and observe colour

Question 25

how do you know if a food has sugar in?

Answer 25

blue- none green- very low yellow- low orange- medium red- high

Question 26

how do you test for starch?

Answer 26

1) add a sample of each food into a dimple tile 2) add a few drops of iodine solution to each food sample 3) if the solution turns from orange to blue/black it contains starch

Question 27

how do you test for protein?

Answer 27

1) add a small amount of your food/liquid to a test tube 2) (if its a food, add 5ml3 of water) and mix gently. 3) add a few drops of copper sulfate solution to your food solution 4) add a few drops of hydrogen peroxide solution 5) if it turns purple, it contains protein.

Question 28

how do you test for lipids?

Answer 28

1) rub some food onto filter paper 2) hold paper up to light 3) if it is translucent, it contains lipids.

Question 29

how would you normally speed up a chemical reaction?

Answer 29

increasing temperature

Question 30

why can we not just rely on this to speed up chemical reactions in the body?

Answer 30

the enzymes will denature and wont work

Question 31

what do enzymes act as?

Answer 31

catalysts

Question 32

what is a catalyst?

Answer 32

a catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in a reaction

Question 33

what is the lock and key theory?

Answer 33

the lock and key theory is when the subsrate goes into the enzyme, the enzyme then breaks the substate into different pieces.

Question 34

what is the function of the active site?

Answer 34

it is broken down or joined together

Question 35

what happens when you increase the temperature of an enzyme controlled reaction slightly?

Answer 35

increases the rate of reaction speed

Question 36

what happens if you change the temperature of an eznyme controlled reaction too much?

Answer 36

the enzyme denatures which means the enzyme cant fit the subsrate in the active site, there is also more kinetic energy

Question 37

where is pepsin found?

Answer 37

stomach

Question 38

what is the optimum pH of a pepsin and how does this link to where it is found in the body?

Answer 38

pH2, an enzyme used to break down in the stomach works best at pH2, well suited to acidic conditions.

Question 39

define digestion

Answer 39

digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble food molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

Question 40

what does starch break down into?

Answer 40

starch needs amylase to break down into glucose

Question 41

what does protein break down into?

Answer 41

protein needs protease to break down into amino acids

Question 42

what do lipids break down into?

Answer 42

lipids need lipase to break down into glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 43

where is amylase, lipase and protease produced?

Answer 43

the pancreas

Question 44

what is the function of bile?