biology

Question 1

what are the 4 hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

Answer 1

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Progesterone, Oestrogen

Question 2

what are 2 hormones are secreted by the ovaries during menstruation and what do they do

Answer 2

Progesterone (maintains lining of uterus and stops menstruation) , Oestrogen (inhibits FSH and makes lining of uterus thicker for implantation)

Question 3

what are 2 hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland during menstruation and what do they do

Answer 3

Follicle Stimulating Hormone/FSH (stimulates growth and maturation of eggs for release), Luteinizing Hormone/LH (stimulates the release of an egg and amount of eggs released)

Question 4

where are FSH and LH secreted from

Answer 4

pituitary gland

Question 5

what does the hypothalamus do

Answer 5

regulates the secretion of hormones controlling body temperature, heart rate and hunger

Question 6

what is homeostasis

Answer 6

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 7

give 3 examples of homeostasis

Answer 7

body temperature, blood-glucose, water levels

Question 8

what organ secretes insulin

Answer 8

the pancreas as it monitors your blood-glucose levels

Question 9

what does insulin do

Answer 9

reduces blood-glucose levels by allowing glucose into cells so it can be converted into glycogen and to get it out of the bloodstream

Question 10

what 2 hormones that are secreted by the pancreas affect the blood-glucose levels

Answer 10

insulin (decreases it) and glucagon (increases it)

Question 11

what does glucagon do

Answer 11

converts glycogen (stored glucose in cells) back into glucose in the bloodstream

Question 12

what is bad about sustained high blood-glucose levels

Answer 12

it can cause diabetes, damage small blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to cells, and damage nerve cells making it harder for them to carry signals to the brain

Question 13

what is a disease caused by sustained high blood-glucose levels

Answer 13

diabetes (type 1 or 2)

Question 14

what is the difference between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and how are they controlled

Answer 14

type 1- where the blood-glucose levels are at a sustained high due to the pancreas not creating enough insulin. this is the type that can be genetic and is not due to an unhealthy lifestyle
type 2- When the cells in someone’s body no longer respond to their own insulin produced by the pancreas as the result of an unhealthy lifestyle. More common in older and overweight people. Controlled by eating a diet low in in carbohydrates and doing regular exercise

Question 15

why is homeostasis important

Answer 15

to keep enzymes in body at optimal temperature so that the body can function at the best level possible and so that cells can function properly

Question 16

what are the two types of internal responses

Answer 16

nervous responses and chemical responses

Question 17

pathway of reflexes in nervous system (reflex arc)

Answer 17

Stimulus- change in temperature, sound, light, chemicals, touch and pain
Receptors- receptor cells that detect a stimulus
Sensory neurons- takes the signal toward the CNS
Relay neurons- (in CNS) takes signal to the brain from the spinal chord
Motor neurons- takes electrical impulse to the effector
Effector- muscle/gland completing the reflex motion/secretion

Question 18

what two things make up the Central nervous system

Answer 18

The brain and spinal chord

Question 19

what are the two parts of the nervous system

Answer 19

CNS (Central Nervous System) consisting of brain and spine, and PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) consisting of all the other ‘branches’ of nerves

Question 20

what are the things around a nerve cell that increase the speed of electrical impulse transport

Answer 20

Myelin sheath. Surrounds the thin stick of the nerve cell which is called an axon

Question 21

what are the 3 types of neurones and what do they do

Answer 21

Sensory neurones- These are specialized to gather and carry sensory information towards the central nervous system
Motor neurones- These terminate on muscles and they’re how you move your body. These carry signals away from your central nervous system. They’re also responsible for the fight or flight response working, like slowing your intestines
Relay neurones- Like the name suggests, these help the sensory neurones and motor neurones communicate. So, they’re found mainly in the brain and spine

Question 22

how are hormones transported

Answer 22

Endocrine glands make chemicals called hormones and pass them straight into the bloodstream

Question 23

what are the seven glands that secrete hormones

Answer 23

The Thyroid Gland, The Pituitary Gland, The Hypothalamus, The Pancreas, The Adrenal Glands, The Ovaries, and The Testes

Question 24

what hormones are secreted by The Testes

Answer 24

Testosterone which effects puberty and the production of sperm

Question 25

what hormones are secreted by The Ovaries

Answer 25

Progesterone (maintains lining of uterus and stops menstruation) , Oestrogen (inhibits FSH and makes lining of uterus thicker for implantation)

Question 26

what hormones are secreted by The Adrenal Glands

Answer 26

Adrenaline which increases things like heart rate, breathing rate and blood flow to your muscle due to the ‘flight or fight’ response

Question 27

what hormones are secreted by The Pancreas

Answer 27

Insulin which reduces blood-glucose levels

Question 28

what hormones are secreted by The Pituitary Gland

Answer 28

Follicle Stimulating Hormone/FSH (stimulates growth and maturation of eggs for release), Luteinizing Hormone/LH (stimulates the release of an egg and amount of eggs released) and anti-diuretic hormone/ADH which affects the kidneys and controls the water levels in blood

Question 29

what hormones are secreted by The Thyroid Gland

Answer 29

Thyroxine which regulates temperature, heart rate and the rate of metabolism