Biology

Question 1

mitochondria and chloroplast both generate ATP by what mechanism?

Answer 1

chemiosmosis

Question 2

mitosis results in…

Answer 2

identical daughter cells

Question 3

meiosis results in..

Answer 3

genetically different daughter cells

Question 4

mitosis occurs in ___ cells

Answer 4

somatic

Question 5

meiosis occurs in ___ cells

Answer 5

sex

Question 6

all somatic cells are ___ cells.

Answer 6

diploid

Question 7

shorthand for diploid is…

Answer 7

2n

Question 8

what is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 8

interphase

Question 9

what happens in the S-phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 9

DNA synthesis

Question 10

what is gametogenesis?

Answer 10

when diploid germ cells (from testes or ovaries) form haploid sex cells

Question 11

germ cells are unique because…

Answer 11

they undergo mitosis and meiosis

Question 12

what is the acrosome?

Answer 12

enzyme packed structure that assists penetration

Question 13

how many mitochondria spiral around the midpiece?

Answer 13

50-100

Question 14

what is the core of the flagellum called in a sperm cell?

Answer 14

axoneme

Question 15

what kind of enzymes react with the zona pellucida?

Answer 15

hydrolytic

Question 16

the zygote forms into a cluster of cells called a ____

Answer 16

morula

Question 17

what are the embryonic germ layers?

Answer 17

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 18

what is the process by which embryonic germ layers are formed called?

Answer 18

gastrulation

Question 19

organogenesis forms the ___

Answer 19

heart

Question 20

neurulation forms the ___

Answer 20

nerves

Question 21

what structures close at birth?

Answer 21

foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus
ductus venosus

Question 22

where does fetilization occur?

Answer 22

fallopian tubes

Question 23

where are stratisfied squamous epithelial tissues found?

Answer 23

locations that experience friction
- mouth
- esophagus
- exterior skin

Question 24

where are simple columnar epithelium found?

Answer 24

line digestive tract and have goblet cells that produce mucus

Question 25

where are simple squamous epithelial found?

Answer 25

where filtration and diffusion occurs - alveoli

Question 26

epithelial cells are ____.

Answer 26

avascular

Question 27

epithelial cells get their nutrients from..

Answer 27

oxygen and capillaries in the basement membrane

Question 28

which are the most abundant tissues in the body?

Answer 28

connective tissue

Question 29

connective tissues are highly ____

Answer 29

vascular

Question 30

which connective tissues for NOT highly vascular?

Answer 30

tendons, ligaments, cartilage

Question 31

blood is a type of __ tissue made up of blood cells and plasma

Answer 31

connective

Question 32

adipose tissue is a type of ___ tissue.

Answer 32

connective

Question 33

osseous tissue is a type of ___ tissue

Answer 33

connective

Question 34

osseous tissue is made up of...

Answer 34

osteocytes surrounded by calcium salts and collagen

Question 35

what are cartilage cells called?

Answer 35

chondrocytes

Question 36

what type of connective tissue is tendons and ligaments made up of?

Answer 36

dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 37

cells that secrete molecules are called ___/

Answer 37

inducers

Question 38

juxtacrine signals require ___ ___ between cells.

Answer 38

direct contact

Question 39

what is reciprocal induction?

Answer 39

two tissues talk to eachother

Question 40

lamellipodia is when...

Answer 40

a cytoskeleton goes flat due to actin

Question 41

filopodia is when...

Answer 41

finger-like projections come out of lamellipodia

Question 42

potency is the ability of a cell to ___.

Answer 42

differentiate

Question 43

organize cells from most to least potent

Answer 43

totipotent pluripotent multipotent oligopotent unipotent

Question 44

what is the unique property of pluripotent cells?

Answer 44

they can develop into any type of cell except for the placenta

Question 45

where are telomeres found and what is their purpose?

Answer 45

telomeres are found at the end of chromosomes to protect their DNA coding sequence

Question 46

when telomeres are lost, the cell must enter ___ to prevent damage to important genes.

Answer 46

senescence

Question 47

which are the pyrimidine bases?

Answer 47

C T U

Question 48

which are the purine bases?

Answer 48

A G

Question 49

transcription is ____ to _____.

Answer 49

DNA to mRNA

Question 50

the monosaccharides are

Answer 50

glucose galactose fructose

Question 51

the disaccharides are

Answer 51

sucrose maltose lactose

Question 52

polysaccharides are

Answer 52

starch glycogen fiber

Question 53

what are the three types of proteins

Answer 53

fibrous globular membrane

Question 54

what are vectors?

Answer 54

insects that carry disease

Question 55

gram-negative bacteria is the color ___ and is ____.

Answer 55

red , pathogenic

Question 56

gram-positive bacteria is the color ___ and is _____.

Answer 56

purple , non pathogenic

Question 57

gram-negative bacteria contain an ____ that protects them

Answer 57

outer wall

Question 58

which is easier to kill: gram-p or gram-n bacteria?

Answer 58

gram-positive

Question 59

lag phase:

Answer 59

no growth of microorganisms because they are getting used to their new environment

Question 60

log phase

Answer 60

most rapid growth occurs here

Question 61

stationary phase

Answer 61

growth slows down because of lack of nutrients, toxins, and bacterial death

Question 62

death phase

Answer 62

growth stops and cells die

Question 63

anabolism undergoes ___ reaction

Answer 63

condensation

Question 64

catabolism undergoes ___ reaction

Answer 64

hydrolysis

Question 65

which structure is responsible for the INITIAL transference of proteins?

Answer 65

ER

Question 66

which structure sorts and transports proteins?

Answer 66

golgi apparatus

Question 67

what is the first form of study in a new area of scientific study?

Answer 67

descriptive studies

Question 68

in an oxidation reaction, the oxidizing agent ___ electrons

Answer 68

gains

Question 69

where is the type of RNA that carries and positions amino acids for further assembly located in the cell?

Answer 69

cytoplasm

Question 70

where is the DNA and mitochondria located on the sperm?

Answer 70

Midpiece and head