A+P Flashcards

1
Q

How many planes can the body be divided into?

A

three

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2
Q

What are the three planes the body can be divided into?

A

sagittal, coronal, transverse

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3
Q

The ____ zone brings inhaled air in.

A

Conductive

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4
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

respiratory zone

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5
Q

The ____ zone brings inhaled air to the _____ zone where gas exchange occurs.

A

conductive/respiratory

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6
Q

As ____ is loaded into the blood ____ is removed.

A

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide

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7
Q

What are the muscles that enlarge the chest cavity during breathing?

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

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8
Q

What is external respiration?

A

exchange of gas between lungs and blood

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9
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

exchange of gas between blood and tissues

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10
Q

How do capillaries conserve heat?

A

constrict

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11
Q

How do capillaries release heat?

A

dilate

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12
Q

Right kidney region

A

right hypochondriac

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13
Q

Liver region(s)

A

right hypochondriac
epigastric
right lumbar

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14
Q

gallbladder regions

A

right hypochondriac
right lumbar

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15
Q

small intestine regions

A

right hypochondriac
epigastric
umbilical

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16
Q

stomach region

A

epigastric

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17
Q

adrenal glands region

A

epigastric

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18
Q

pancreas regions

A

epigastric
left hypochondriac

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19
Q

spleen regions

A

epigastric
left hypochondriac

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20
Q

colon region

A

left hypochondriac

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21
Q

ascending colong region

A

right lumbar

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22
Q

descending colon region

A

left lumbar
left iliac

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23
Q

sigmoid colon region

A

hypogastric
left iliac

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24
Q

duodenum region

A

umbilicus

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25
Q

umbilicus region

A

umbilical

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26
Q

left kidney regions

A

left hypochondriac
left lumbar

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27
Q

cecum region

A

right iliac

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28
Q

appendix region

A

right iliac

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29
Q

bladder region

A

hypogastric

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30
Q

female reproductive organs region

A

hypogastric

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31
Q

Which structure has the lowest blood pressure?

A

vein

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32
Q

what is a normal PR interval?

A

0.16-0.20

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33
Q

what is a PR interval seen in 1st degree heart block?

A

above 0.2

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34
Q

what is acceleradted conduction in regards to PR interval?

A

less than 0.12

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35
Q

secondary functions of the respiratory system include…

A

pH reg. of blood
thermoregulation
odor detection
production of speech
protection against disease
filtration of particulate matter

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36
Q

how does the respiratory system protect against disease?

A

filters out particles in the air.

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37
Q

how is trapped debri removed from the body?

A

lysozymes in mucus breakdown debri and cilia sweep it away

38
Q

___ is produced in the mucosal lining and these antibodies help immune system by neutralizing pathogens

A

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

39
Q

these cells in the resp. system increase blood flow and alert immune system

A

Mast cells

40
Q

what is the hilum?

A

where the bronchi branches off

41
Q

what is the combined surface area of alveoli?

A

70m^2

42
Q

What are the type I cells that line alveoli?

A

simple epithelial cells

43
Q

what are the type II cells that line alveoli?

A

cuboidal epithelial cells

44
Q

what is the function of cuboidal cells on the alveoli?

A

secrete surficant to prevent it from collapsing

45
Q

____ + _____ = respiratory membrane

A

capillary basement membrane + alveolar basement membrane = respiratory membrane

46
Q

boyles law:

A

pressure and volume of gas have an inverse relationship

47
Q

what is neg. pressure breathing?

A

pressure in lungs is lower than outside

48
Q

otic

A

ear

49
Q

mental

A

chin

50
Q

cervical

A

neck

51
Q

acromical

A

shoulder

52
Q

antecubital

A

front of elbow

53
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

54
Q

cubital

A

back of elbow

55
Q

palmar

A

palm

56
Q

pollex

A

thumb

57
Q

dorsum

A

back of hand

58
Q

manual

A

hand

59
Q

umbilical

A

naval

60
Q

coxa

A

hips

61
Q

coccygeal

A

tailbone

62
Q

perineal

A

gooch

63
Q

inguinal

A

groin

64
Q

patella

A

front of knee

65
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

66
Q

crural

A

shin

67
Q

sural

A

calf

68
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

69
Q

digital of phalangeal

A

toe

70
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

71
Q

dorsum

A

top of food

72
Q

hallux

A

big toe

73
Q

what is gastrin

A

hormone produces in stomach to make stomach acid

74
Q

what is cholecytokinin?

A

hormone produced in small intesting to realse enzymes and bile

75
Q

secretin

A

hormone from small intestine - stimulates bicarb from pancreas

76
Q

what does bicarb do in stomach?

A

neutralizes stomach acid

77
Q

insulin and glucagon both produced in ___

A

pancreas

78
Q

___ bpm from SA node

A

60-100

79
Q

___bpm from AV node

A

40-60

80
Q

___bpm from purkinje fibers

A

20-40

81
Q

when body temp rises, blood vessels ____

A

dilate

82
Q

when temp drops, blood vessels ____

A

constrict

83
Q

cardiovascualr system maintains pH by…

A

removing excess H+ ions from blood

84
Q

T or F: cardivascular system aids in digestion of food?

A

True

85
Q

what does gonadotroponin releasing hormone do?

A

stimulates release of follicle stimulating and lutenizing hormone from HT/PPG

86
Q

what does follicle stimulating hormone do?

A

growth of eggs in ovaries and control menstrual cycle

87
Q

what does lutenizing hormone do?

A

trigger ovulation and release of egg

88
Q

follicle stimulating hormone stimulates ovaries to produce more ________.

A

estrogen

89
Q

what is estrogens affect on egg?

A

maturity

90
Q

lutenizing hormone causes eggs to produce ______

A

progestin

91
Q

what does progestin do?

A

prep endometrium for implantation