Respiration (9.4 and 9.5) Flashcards
Name the two things Aerobic respiration uses?
Glucose and oxygen
Where does Aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen (creates) carbon dioxide + water
What does anaerobic respiration brake down?
Food molecules
What is then released after the anaerobic respiration has broken down the molecules?
Chemical energy (in the absence of oxygen)
What is created by anaerobic respiration?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
When does anaerobic respiration occur?
When oxygen is in short supply
Name the two disadvantages of anaerobic respiration?
- causes cramp ( build up of lactic acid in the bloodstream which leads to cramp)
- you need to oxidise the lactic acid using more oxygen this builds up oxygen debt.
In animals what respires when the don’t have enough oxygen?
The muscles
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration (for animals)?
Glucose (creates) lactic acid + (little) energy
What is the chemical equation for Aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 (equals) 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the process called when there is not enough oxygen in plants?
Fermentation
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration (in plants)?
Glucose (Creates) Ethanol + carbon dioxide + (little) energy
Is ATP present in all living things (true or false)?
True
What can ATP be broken down into?
ADP (two phosphates it releases energy the cells can use)
What is ATP used for?
- contraction of muscle cells (producing movement)
- Active transport of molecules and ions.
- building large molecules, such as proteins.
- cell division
What is the definition of diffusion?
It is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. (e.g oxygen concentration is higher in the leaf so it diffuses out.)
How is the waxy cuticle adapted?
The layers on top of the leaf reduce water loss by evaporation and prevents entry of pathogens.
How is the stomata and guard cells adapted?
Guard cells can change shape (open and close the stomata.) Allows different volumes of gases into and out of the leaf (depending on environmental conditions.)
How is the palisade mesophyll cells adapted?
Long narrow cells with lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis. The upper epidermis is thin and relatively transparent (lots of light can get to this layer.)
