biology 13-14 Flashcards
Define ecology
The study of interactions among living things.
list the levels of ecological organization in order from smallest to largest
Organisms, population, community, ecosystems, bio something.
- Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic factors. Give examples of each.
Biotic–living factors (bacteria), abiotic–nonliving factors (weather)
- Define biodiversity. Why is it important?
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- What is a keystone species?
An organism that has an unusually large effect on its environment.
- Explain the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Give an example
auto trips, producer (plants) heterotrophs, consumer (eat)
- What is a food chain?
a sequence that links species by their feeding relationship.
B. Explain the difference between carnivores and herbivores.
Carnivores, consuming other animals only. Herbivores, eat only plants. Omnivores, eat both.
- Explain the difference between detritivores and decomposers .
detritivores, consume dead matter. decomposers, is a type of detritivores that drank down organic matter.
- What is a food web?
A model that shows the complex network of?
- Describe the water cycle.
The flow of water from the atmosphere to the surface, to below ground, and then back.
- What 2 processes cycle oxygen through the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis and respiration.
- What Organism fixes nitrogen a form we can use?
Bacteria
- What happens to the amount of energy as you move up the food chain?
It decreases 90%.
- What does a pyramid of numbers show?
The number of individuals and in atropic level.
- Explain the difference between niche and habitat.
Habitat, environment where an organism lives. Niche, how an organism lives
- What does the competitive exclusion principle state?
if the two organisms compete for the same limited resources one will be pushed out made extinct.
- What are ecological equivalents?
to organisms that live in similar habitats far away from each other.
- Define competition.
Two organisms fight for a limited resource.
- Explain the difference between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition.
Intraspecific, two of the same species compete. Interspecific, to use different species compete.
- Define predation.
An organism captures or eats another organism.
- Define symbiosis.
A close relationship between two or more different organisms.
- What are the 3 types of symbiosis? Explain each.
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- How do you calculate population density?
number of individuals/area square
- Describe the 3 dispersion patterns and what causes each.
uniform, evenly distributed. Clumped,? Of animals. Random, no order, no specific place.
- Describe the 3 types of survivorship curves.
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- Explain the difference between immigration and emigration.
Immigration, movement into an environment. Emigration, out of an environment.
- Explain the difference between logistic growth and exponential growth. Draw a graph for each.
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- What is carrying capacity?
Number of individuals environment can support.
- What is a limiting factor?
Factor that limits population growth.
- Explain the difference between density-dependent limiting factors and density-independent limiting factors. Give 2 examples of each.
Density dependent.
A density dependent factor is a limiting factor that depends on population size. A Density-independent limiting factor affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size.
- What is succession?
Sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damaged community in a previously uninhabited area.
- Explain the difference between primary and secondary succession.
Primary succession begins in areas where no soil is present.
Secondary succession occurs in areas where there is soil already present.
