Biology Flashcards
What are muscles made up of?
Muscles are made up of threadlike cells that bound together to form muscle fibres
What are the three types of muscle called?
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac
Do skeletal muscles pull or push bones?
They pull
How do skeletal muscles attach themselves to the bone?
Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons
True or false: Skeletal muscles do not work in groups?
False
How many muscles do you use to smile?
17
How many muscles do you use to frown?
43
True or false: skeletal muscles do not tire?
False
How many skeletal muscles does the human body have?
660
Where is smooth muscles found?
They are found in most internal organs
Where is cardiac muscles found?
Cardiac muscles is only found in the heart
Do Cardiac and Smooth muscles tire?
Unlike skeletal muscles Cardiac and Smooth muscles don’t tire
What is the fastest muscle?
The eyelids
What is the busiest muscle?
The heart
In one sentence summarise the digestive system
The digestive system breaks down food to give our body cells energy.
Where does the digestive system begin?
In the mouth where our teeth break down food and mix it with saliva
In the stomach what does food mix with?
Acid
In the stomach what does food transform into?
A semi-liquid called chyme
How long is the small intestine?
About 6 meters
In the small intestine, what does the chyme mix with?
Bile, as well as pancreatic and intestinal juices
True or false: The small intestine filters out useful substances and passes them on to the blood cells?
True
True or false: The liver can’t transform nutrients into glucose?
False
What does the circulatory system contain?
The heart, blood vessels and blood
What does the Circulatory system do?
It controls body temperature, helps fight disease, and carries oxygen, food, hormones and waste throughout the body.
True or false: The heart is a 2 chambered muscle?
False
True or false: The heart is a four chambered muscle?
True
True or false: The heart is a three-chambered muscle?
False
True or false: The heart is a five-chambered muscle?
False
What is the heart’s only job?
Pumping blood throughout the body
In which atrium does blood high in carbon enters the heart?
The right atrium
What are the body’s largest veins?
The superior and inferior vena cavas
What does the nervous system do?
The nervous system sends information about touch, pain, temperature, pressure, vibration and sense of position through the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Does the brain need oxygen to function properly?
Yes, it does
What are the brains three major parts?
The Cerebrum, the Cerebellum and the brain stem
What does the cerebellum do?
Assists with balance, posture and muscle coordination
What does the cerebrum do?
Enables you to think, speak, sense, remember, learn, imagine and feel emotion
What does the brain stem do?
The brain stem subconsciously regulates a number of body functions, such as breathing, blood pressure, digestion, and heartbeat. It also maintains body temperature and warns of hunger, thirst and fatigue.
How many bones does the skeletal system have?
206!!
What do bones do?
Bones support the body and give it shape, protect internal organs (such as the brain, spinal cord, and heart), and work with muscles to provide movement.
What do bones do with the minerals stored inside them?
The bones store minerals, releasing them to the bloodstream as needed, and have soft, spongy, jellylike centres called bone marrow.
What is the difference between yellow and red marrow?
Yellow marrow is mainly stored fat; red marrow produces red blood cells.
Where are the smallest bones in your body?
The smallest bones lie in the ears: the malleus (hammer), the incus (anvil) and the stapes (stirrup).
What bone is the longest in your body?
The femur, or thighbone.
What is oxygen and what does it do?
A gas needed to obtain energy from food, and it rids the body of carbon dioxide, a harmful waste product.
What does the diagram do, and what is the entire process?
The diagram, a muscle below the ribs, contracts and moves the ribs outward, causing the lungs to take in air. When the diagram relaxes, the ribs relax and the lungs deflate.
What warms up the air in your nostrils?
Surprisingly by mucus!
Mucus also moistens it by mucus-lined sinuses.
What happens to air as it moves through the trachea?
The air is cleaned of dirt and germs by mucus and bristly hairs called cilia, lining the nasal passage and trachea.
What does the epiglottis do?
Food and saliva are kept out of the trachea by a flap called the epiglottis.
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
True.
What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria.
Fill in the blank: The ________ controls the activities of the cell.
nucleus.
What is the process by which cells divide called?
Mitosis.
What type of cell division produces gametes?
Meiosis.
True or False: Cancer cells divide uncontrollably.
True.
What is the term for a mass of cancer cells?
Tumor.
What is a benign tumor?
A non-cancerous tumor that does not spread to other parts of the body.
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
To synthesize proteins.
Fill in the blank: DNA stands for ________.
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death.
True or False: All tumors are cancerous.
False.
What type of cells are responsible for the immune response?
White blood cells.
What is the term for uncontrolled cell growth?
Cancer.
Which part of the cell is responsible for packaging proteins?
Golgi apparatus.
What is the primary role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize and transport proteins and lipids.
Fill in the blank: Cancer can be caused by ________ factors.
environmental.
What does the term metastasis refer to?
The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body.
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence.
True or False: All mutations lead to cancer.
False.
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells that can develop into different cell types.
Which type of cancer affects the blood and bone marrow?
Leukemia.
What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?
To provide structure and protection.
Fill in the blank: The ________ is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in the cell.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
To conduct photosynthesis in plant cells.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
True or False: Viruses are considered living organisms.
False.
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
To break down waste materials and cellular debris.
What is a carcinogen?
A substance that can lead to cancer.
Fill in the blank: ________ therapy is a common treatment for cancer.
Chemotherapy.
What is the role of DNA in cells?
To store genetic information.
What type of cells are found in the human body?
Eukaryotic cells.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
To maintain cell shape and assist with movement.
True or False: Cancer can be inherited.
True.
What is the purpose of a biopsy?
To remove tissue for examination to determine if cancer is present.
What does the term ‘oncogene’ refer to?
A gene that has the potential to cause cancer.
Fill in the blank: ________ are the building blocks of proteins.
Amino acids.
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
To protect the cell and control what enters and exits.
What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system.
True or False: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
True
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants use sunlight to make food is called _____
photosynthesis
What is the primary producer in most ecosystems?
Plants are the primary producers in most ecosystems.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a biotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Plants B) Animals C) Water D) Fungi
C) Water
What role do decomposers play in an ecosystem?
Decomposers break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem.
True or False: A food chain shows the flow of energy from one organism to another.
True
What do we call organisms that eat primary producers?
Herbivores
Fill in the blank: The variety of species in a particular habitat is referred to as _____ diversity.
species
What is the difference between a habitat and a niche?
A habitat is the place where an organism lives, while a niche is the role or function of that organism within its habitat.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of a desert ecosystem? A) High rainfall B) Low temperatures C) Low biodiversity D) Abundant vegetation
C) Low biodiversity
True or False: Invasive species can disrupt local ecosystems.
True
What is the main source of energy for all living things on Earth?
The Sun
Fill in the blank: A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit is called _____
mutualism
What term describes an organism’s ability to survive in its environment?
Adaptation
Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of a carnivore? A) Cow B) Lion C) Chicken D) Goat
B) Lion
What is a keystone species?
A keystone species is one whose impact on its ecosystem is disproportionately large relative to its abundance.
True or False: Ecosystems are static and do not change over time.
False
Fill in the blank: The process of gradual change in the structure of a community over time is known as _____ succession.
ecological
What is the term for the maximum population size that an environment can sustain?
Carrying capacity
Multiple choice: Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and permafrost? A) Desert B) Tundra C) Rainforest D) Grassland
B) Tundra
What is the significance of genetic diversity within a species?
Genetic diversity helps populations adapt to changing environments and resist diseases.
True or False: All organisms in an ecosystem are interdependent.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ cycle describes how water moves through the environment.
water
What is an example of a primary consumer?
An example of a primary consumer is a rabbit.
Multiple choice: What is the primary threat to biodiversity? A) Habitat destruction B) Climate change C) Pollution D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the scientific classification system used for living things?
The Linnaean system.
True or False: All animals are classified under the kingdom Animalia.
True.
Fill in the blank: The two main categories of animals are __________ and __________.
vertebrates, invertebrates.
What is the primary characteristic that defines vertebrates?
The presence of a backbone.
Which class of animals is known for laying eggs and having scales?
Reptiles.
What are the four main classes of mammals?
Monotremes, marsupials, placental mammals, and eutherians.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of invertebrate? A) Jellyfish B) Starfish C) Frog D) Octopus
C) Frog.
What is the largest group of animals on Earth?
Invertebrates.
True or False: All mammals are warm-blooded.
True.
What is the main difference between amphibians and reptiles?
Amphibians have a dual life stage (aquatic and terrestrial), while reptiles do not.
Fill in the blank: Animals that primarily consume plants are known as __________.
herbivores.
What classification level comes after ‘phylum’ in the hierarchy of biological classification?
Class.
Which animal is classified under the phylum Chordata?
Humans.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of mammals? A) Feathers B) Fur or Hair C) Scales D) Gills
B) Fur or Hair.
What term describes animals that can maintain a constant body temperature?
Endothermic.
True or False: All animals reproduce sexually.
False.
Fill in the blank: The study of animal classification is known as __________.
taxonomy.
What is the primary function of the animal kingdom?
To classify and study diverse life forms.
Which class of animals is characterized by having feathers?
Birds.
What is the term for animals that are active during the night?
Nocturnal.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of amphibians? A) Lungs B) Moist skin C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C) Both A and B.
True or False: Invertebrates do not have a backbone.
True.
Fill in the blank: The animal kingdom is divided into __________ main groups based on their characteristics.
several.
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
To break down dead organic matter.
Which group of animals is known for their ability to fly?
Birds.
What is the classification level that groups organisms based on shared characteristics?
Family.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following animals is a carnivore? A) Cow B) Eagle C) Goat D) Elephant
B) Eagle.
True or False: All animals have a complex nervous system.
False.
Fill in the blank: Animals that give birth to live young are known as __________.
viviparous.
What is the primary difference between mammals and reptiles in terms of reproduction?
Mammals typically give live birth, while reptiles usually lay eggs.
What classification level comes before ‘genus’?
Family.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a marsupial? A) Whale B) Kangaroo C) Eagle D) Lizard
B) Kangaroo.
What is the rarest blood type in the world?
AB negative
True or False: Bananas grow on trees.
False
Fill in the blank: The average human adult has approximately _______ bones.
206
What organ in the human body can regenerate itself?
Liver
Which animal’s heart is located in its head?
Cockroach
True or False: Octopuses have three hearts.
True
What is the lifespan of a single taste bud?
About 10 to 14 days
Fill in the blank: Humans share about _______% of their DNA with chimpanzees.
98%
What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
Which creature can survive in space?
Tardigrade (water bear)
True or False: Sea otters hold hands while sleeping.
True
What pigment gives carrots their orange color?
Beta-carotene
Fill in the blank: The blue whale is the _______ animal on the planet.
largest
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
Energy production
Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
Leaves
True or False: A group of flamingos is called a ‘flamboyance’.
True
What is the term for an animal that can produce its own body heat?
Endothermic
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants lose water vapor is called _______.
Transpiration
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen
Which animal can change its color and texture to blend into its environment?
Chameleon
True or False: All mammals lay eggs.
False
What is the name of the process by which cells divide?
Mitosis
Fill in the blank: An octopus has _______ arms.
eight
What is the smallest bone in the human body?
Stapes (in the ear)
True or False: The heart of a shrimp is located in its head.
True
What type of symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved?
Mutualism
Fill in the blank: The chemical element that makes up the majority of the human body is _______.
Oxygen
What is collagen?
A protein found in tendons, skin, bone, cartilage and ligaments.
What is a molecule?
A chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds.
What is an organ?
A collection or related tissues grouped together performing a common function.
What is homeostasis?
The ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions.
What is epidermis?
In a plant, this is a single-layer group of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems, forming a boundary between the plant and the outside world.
What is an enzyme?
Usually a protein that can initiate, facilitate or speed up a reaction. Enzymes have a variety of functions in the body, including digesting food, transmitting nerve impulses and making our muscles work.
What is a Pathogen?
A microbe that causes infection.
What is a eukaryote?
An organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
What is mitosis?
Cell division in which the parent cell make a copy of the coded information in its nucleus and then splits into two identical daughter cells.
What is metabolism?
The set of chemical reactions that happen in living organisms to maintain life.
What is chitin?
A fibrous material that is one of the major components of fungal cell walls.
What is Cilia?
Microscopic hairs on the surfaces of cells.
What is an organelle?
Small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions.
What are protozoa?
Unicellular aquatic organisms.
