Biology Flashcards
What is the function of the circulatory system?
To carry blood around the body/ carry oxygen and nutrients from food around the body
What is the function of the urinary system?
Gets rid of waste materials produced
What is the function of the digestive system?
Breaks down food and takes nutrients from it into the blood
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Move fresh air into the body while removing waste gases
What is the function of the locomotor system
Help body parts work together to create movement
What is the word equation for aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic: glucose + oxygen =carbon dioxide + water
Anaerobic: glucose = lactic acid
How are plant leaves adapted to their function?
- Stomata which are small holes in the leaves which open and close by guard cells. They are shut at night and open when light
- Large surface area for trapping light
- Epidermis cells produce a waxy layer to prevent water loss
What is selective breeding?
When organisms are deliberately bred so the offspring has desirable characteristics
Why should we preserve biodiversity?
- Organisms depend on each other
- Protect habitats
- Areas with better biodiversity recover faster from disasters
- Preserves organisms with genetic variations
What happens to the body during exercise?
- Releases less energy from each glucose molecule than aerobic respiration
- Makes muscles tired quickly
- Produces lactic acid which must be broken down
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen
How are sperm cells adapted to their function?
Sperm: Stream line head shape, Long spiral shaped mitochondrion can release lots of energy for the tail, tail to swim, the top of the head contains substances that attack the outside of the egg, head shape allows the sperm to burrow inside.
How are the egg cells adapted to their function?
Egg- Jelly coat allows one sperm to enter, cytoplasm to store food
How does natural selection lead to evolution?
If resources become scarce species better adapted to the environment will survive and then reproduce making them the new normal.
How does stimulants and depressants effect human bodies?
Stimulants cause the nervous system to carry impulses faster and can decrease reaction time.
Depressants cause the nervous system to carry impulses slower.
How do antagonistic muscles work together to move an arm?
For a bone in a joint to be moved in two different directions it needs to be pulled by two different muscles.
How is a polar bear adapted to its habitat?
- Thick coat to protect against harsh conditions
- Claws and sharp teeth to rip apart flesh
- Rough soles to grip the ice
- White fur to camouflage in the surroundings
How is a cacti adapted to live in it’s habitat?
- Stem to store water
- No leaves to prevent excess water loss
How are organisms in an ecosystem dependent on one another?
Animals depend on plants for food. Food chains start with producers, the energy is then passed to the consumers. However, energy is lost by each consumer. So there are fewer organisms further along a food chain. This can be shown in a pyramid or food chains.
How is the alveoli of the lungs adapted to its function
Thin walls - alveolar walls are one cell thick providing gases with a short diffusion distance. Moist walls - gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to pass across the gas exchange surface. Permeable walls - allow gases to pass through.
How is the small intestine adapted to its function of absorbing digested nutrients quickly?
The small intestines are well adapted for absorbing nutrients during digestion by: being very long, having villi and microvilli that increase surface area, using muscular contractions to move and mix food, and receiving and housing digestive enzymes and bile that help the breakdown of food
What causes inherited variation?
Caused by a change in the environment. The environment is selecting certain genetic variations in characteristics which are passes on to the next generation.
What substances pass between the mother and baby during pregnancy
The placenta.Blood from the mother passes through the placenta, filtering oxygen, glucose and other nutrients to your baby via the umbilical cord. The placenta also filters out substances that could be harmful to your baby and removes carbon dioxide and waste products from your baby’s blood.
