Biology

Question 1

Name the main organelles of plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells)

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

Plant Cells only:
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole filled with cell sap

Question 2

Recall the relative size of bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells)

Answer 2

less than 2μm

Question 3

Describe the difference in how the genetic material is found within eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells.

Answer 3

Prokaryotes: stored in a single loop of DNA found within the cytoplasm; there may be one or more smaller loops called plasmids

Eukaryotes: stored in its nucleus

Question 4

What is the function of the Nucleus/ Plasmids

Answer 4

Stores the genetic material of the cell, regulates the activities of the cell i.e. growth and metabolism

Question 5

What is the function of Cytoplasm

Answer 5

the site of most of the chemical reactions in the cell

Question 6

What is the function of Cell membrane

Answer 6

Regulates what substances enter and exit the cell

Question 7

What is the function of Mitochondria

Answer 7

site of aerobic respiration, source of energy for the plant

Question 8

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 8

Connects amino acids together to form proteins via proteinsynthesis

Question 9

What is the function of Cell Wall

Answer 9

Supports and strengthens cell

Question 10

What is the function of chloroplasts

Answer 10

converts light energy to chemical energy via photosynthesis

Question 11

What is the function of the vacuole

Answer 11

storage of cell sap and helps keep the cell turgid

Question 12

Cell Differentiation

Answer 12

The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function

Question 13

Define Binary Fission

Answer 13

Asexual reproduction of cells:

• Parent cell replicates the DNA
• The DNA segregates
• The cell splits into 2 identical daughter cells