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Biology 1101 > Biology 1101 Exam 3 > Flashcards

Biology 1101 Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Famous for describing the molecular structure of DNA
a. Rosalind Franklin
b. Watson and Crick
c. Freidrich Meisher
d. Frank Griffiths

A

Watson and Crick

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2
Q

Showed that non-encapsulated pneumococcal bacteria could be “transformed” into encapsulated bacteria
a. Rosalind Franklin
b. Watson and Crick
c. Fredrich Meisher
d. Frank Griffiths

A

Frank Griffiths

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3
Q

In the structure of DNA shown on the right, B is pointing to
a. deoxyribose
b. phosphate
c. nitrogenous base
d. nucleotide

A

deoxyribose

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4
Q

C is pointing to
a. deoxyribose
b. phosphate
c. nitrogenous base
d. nucleotide

A

nitrogenous base

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5
Q

A is pointing to
a. deoxyribose
b. phosphate
c. nitrogenous base
d. sugar phosphate backbone

A

phosphate

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6
Q

The part circled in D is a
a. deoxyribose
b nitrogenous base
c. nucleotide
d. sugar phosphate backbone

A

nucleotide

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7
Q

The part circled in E is a
a. deoxyribose
b nitrogenous base
c. nucleotide
d. sugar phosphate backbone

A

sugar phosphate backbone

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8
Q

DNA replication is
a. semiconservative
b. conservative
c. nonconservative
d. dispersive

A

semiconservative

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9
Q

In the diagram of DNA replication to the right, G is the _____ end of the indicated DNA strand
a. 1’
b.2’
c. 3’
d. 5’

A

3’

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10
Q

B indicates the
a. parental strand
b. leading strand
c. lagging strand
d. okazaki fragment

A

leading strand

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11
Q

C is the ____ end of the indicated DNA strand
a. 1’
b. 2’
c. 3’
d. 5’

A

3’

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12
Q

E (the red thing) indicates a
a. RNA primers
b. ligase
c. nucleotide
telomere

A

RNA primers

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13
Q

The enzyme responsible for catalyzing the assembly of new DNA strands is
a. RNA polymerase
b. DNA polymerase
c. ribosome
d. ligase

A

DNA polymerase

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14
Q

The enzyme responsible for joining together Okazaki fragments is
a. ribosome
b. DNA polymerase
c. RNA polymerase
d. ligase

A

ligase

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15
Q

The template strand of a gene has a sequence CTATTCCAT. The coding strand , read in the appropriate direction, reads
a. GATAAGGTA
b. ATGGAATAG
c. GAUAAGGUA
d. AUGGAAUAG

A

ATGGAATAG

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16
Q

The mRNA, also read in the proper direction, would be
a. GATAAGGTA
b. ATGGAATAG
c. GAUAAGGUA
d. AUGGAAUAG

A

AUGGAAUAG

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17
Q

The step in the cell cycle that allows the cell to make sure it has replicated all of the call components necessary to begin mitosis
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. Interphase

A

G2

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18
Q

Some cells, like nerve cells, exit the cell cycle altogether and spend the rest of their lives in cell cycle arrest, which would be which step in the cell cycle
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. Interphase

A

G0

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19
Q

The cell cycle checkpoint where the cell pauses to determine if it is ready replicate its chromosomes in preparations for mitosis is the _____ checkpoint
a. G1/S
b. G2/M
c. M
d. Mitotic

A

G1/S

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20
Q

The checkpoint where the cell pauses to make sure that sister chromatids are ready to be properly separated is
a. G1/S
b. G2/M
c. M
d. Mitotic

A

M

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21
Q

The picture to the right is
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
e. Telophase

A

Interphase

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22
Q

The picture to the right is
a. Interphase
b. Prophase
c. Metaphase
d. Anaphase
e. Telophase

A

Metaphase

23
Q

The picture to the right is
a. metaphase of mitosis
b. metaphase of meiosis
c. metaphase I of meiosis
d. Metaphase II of meiosis

A

metaphase I of meiosis

24
Q

Not counting identical copies, the organism shown in the previous question has a total of _____ chromosomes in ________ homologous pairs
a. 8,4
b. 2,1
c. 4,2
d. 2,4

A

4,2

25
Q

The phase of mitosis in during which DNA is replicated is
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. s

A

interphase

26
Q

The microtubule structures that attach to each chromosome are called ______
a. centromeres
b. kinetochores
c. spindle fibers
d. telomeres

A

spindle fibers

27
Q

They attach to a part of the chromosome called the
a. centromere
b. spindle
c. telomere
d. histone

A

Centromere

28
Q

The first level of DNA packaging involves wrapping the DNA around positively charged proteins called
a. nucleosomes
b. chromosomes
c. chromatin
d. histones

A

histones

29
Q

The package of DNA wrapped around these proteins together are called
a. nucleosomes
b. chromosomes
c. chromatin
d. histones

A

nucleosomes

30
Q

When DNA is packaged enough that it begins to be visible under a light microscope when stained is called
a. nucleosomes
b. histones
c. chromatin
d. nuclein

A

chromatin

31
Q

Identical copies of chromosomes are called
a. homologous chromosomes
b. sister chromatids
c. gametes
d. tetrads

A

sister chromatids

32
Q

The purpose of Meiosis is to produce specialized cells, called ________, that have only one chromosome from each homologous pair. These cells only have half the total number of chromosomes as normal somatic cells
a. gametes
b .zygotes
c. daughter cells
d. tetrads

A

gametes

33
Q

Somatic cells that have both homologous chromosomes are therefore said to be ______.
a. diploid
b. haploid
c. homozygous
d. gametes

A

dipliod

34
Q

Unlike in mitosis, a special feature of meiosis is that homologous chromosomes pair with one another to form
a. gametes
b .zygotes
c. daughter cells
d. tetrads

A

tetrads

35
Q

This process is called______
a. nondisjunction
b. random assortment
c. crossing over
d. synapsis

A

synapsis

36
Q

While the chromosomes are closely paired with one another they can exchange pieces between homologous pairs to form unique chromosomes, which is called
a. nondisjunction
b. random assortment
c. crossing over
d. synapsis

A

crossing over

37
Q

When homologous pairs separate during meiosis, either homologue could end up on one side or the other of the metaphase plate, which is called
a. nondisjunction
b. random assortment
c. crossing over
d. synapsis

A

random assortment

38
Q

When chromosomes fail to separate properly it is called_______, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells
a. nondisjunction
b. random assortment
c. crossing over
d. synapsis

A

nondisjunction

39
Q

Mendel began his breeding experiments by establishing “true breeding” lines of pea plant that always retained their phenotypes, like purple flowering or white flowers, wrinkled seeds or smooth seeds, when those plant lines were bred with themselves. We know that these plant lines were ______.
a. homozygous
b. heterozygous
c.codominant
d.pleiotropic

A

homozygous

40
Q

Two different versions of a trait, like white vs purple flowers, are called
a. genes
b. chromosomes
c. alleles
d. phenotypes

A

Alleles

41
Q

When Mendel crossed pea plant lines that bred true for different versions of a trait he found that all of the offspring expressed only one version of the trait. Mendel called that version of the trait _____.
a. recessive
b. partial
c. dominant
d. polygenic

A

dominant

42
Q

Brown eyes are dominant over blue. Jack and Jill both have brown eyes. They have a blue-eyed child. What is the chance that their next child will have blue eyes
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%

A

25%

43
Q

The letters in the boxes of a Punnett square represents the ____ of the offspring of the cross
a. probability
b. phenotype
c. genotype
d. trait

A

genotype

44
Q

the boxes of a punnet square represent the ___ of the offspring of a cross
a. probability
b. phenotype
c. genotype
d. trait

A

probabilty

45
Q

Lunar ladybugs have spots that come in three colors: red, yellow, or white. Yellow and red are both dominant over white. You have a red-spotted ladybug and yellow-spotted ladybug. You breed them together and surprisingly get a white-spotted ladybug. What is the probability that the next ladybug you the will have white spots
a. 100%
b. 75%
c.50%
d.25%
e. 0%

A

25%

46
Q

what is the probability that you will get a ladybug with both red and yellow spots
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%

A

25%

47
Q

Since you get ladybugs with spots that are both red and yellow rather than orange you know that the alleles for this trait are
a. codominant
b. incompletely dominant
c. polygenic
d. pleiotropic

A

codominant

48
Q

When there are more than two alleles for a trait, as with blood types or lunar ladybug spot color, this is called
a. multiple allelism
b. polygenic trait
c. pleiotropic
d. partial dominance

A

multiple allelism

49
Q

No-nose syndrome is an X-linked recessive trait. Harry’s parents are both normal but his mothers father was a no-noser. What is the probability that Harry is a carrier for the no-nosed allele?
a. 100%
b.75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%

A

0%

50
Q

What is the probability that Harry ‘s baby sister will be a carrier for the no-nosed allele
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%

A

50%

51
Q

If you breed a brown mouse with an albino mouse and the offspring come out tan, this is called _____
a. Pleiotropy
b. Polygenic
c. Codominance
d. Incomplete Dominance

A

Incomplete Dominance

52
Q

The gene for tame behavior in foxes also controls other traits like coat color and floppy ears. This is called _____
a. Pleiotropy
b. Polygenic
c. Codominance
d. Incomplete Dominance

A

Pleiotropy

53
Q

Traits that have a range of values, rather than just two possibilities, like height, are often controlled by many genes. This kind of trait is called ______
a. Pleiotropy
b. Polygenic
c. Codominance
d. Incomplete Dominance

A

Polygenic

54
Q

Siamese cats develop darker coloration on body parts that are exposed to colder temperatures. This is an example of
a. epigenic effects
b. random x inactivation
c. nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
d. just another way that cats are cute

A

epigenetic effects

Biology 1101 (4 decks)

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