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Biology 1101 > Biology 1101 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Biology 1101 Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The famous experiment with swan necked flasks that demonstrated that life does not spring from inanimate material (spontaneous generation) was performed by
a. Leeuwenhook
b. Semmelweis
c. Pastuer
d. Lister

A

Pasteur

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2
Q

Known as the father of microscopy, the first to see a single celled organism in a drop of water
a. Leeuwenhook
b. Semmelweis
c. Pastuer
d. Lister

A

Leeuwenhook

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3
Q

Inventor of aseptic technique, the first to begin performing surgery in a sterile environment based on the germ theory of disease
a. Leeuwenhook
b. Semmelweis
c. Pastuer
d. Lister

A

Lister

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4
Q

All living things
a. are made of one or more cells
b. are made of rotting meat
c. are spontaneously generated from mud

A

are made of one or more cells

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5
Q

The defining feature of Eukaryotes is that their genetic material is contained in a
a. nucleus
b. vacuole
c. cytoplasm
d. capsule

A

nucleus

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6
Q

Eukaryotes also have a number of other specialized, membrane-bounded compartments inside the cell that are called ____
a. vacuoles
b. organelles
c. compartments
d. structures

A

organelles

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7
Q

Plants are
a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes
c. bacteria
d. archaea

A

Eukaryotes

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8
Q

In the diagram 1 is a
a. flagellum
b. pilus
c. plasmid
d. capsule

A

pilus

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9
Q

In the diagram 2 is a
a. Plasma membrane
b. capsule
c. cell wall
d. envelope

A

capsule

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10
Q

In the diagram 3 is a
a. Plasma membrane
b. capsule
c. cell wall
d. envelope

A

cell wall

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11
Q

In the diagram 4 is a
a. Plasma membrane
b. capsule
c. cell wall
d. envelope

A

plasma membrane

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12
Q

In the diagram 5 is a
a. Chromosomal DNA
b. a ribosome
c. a plasmid
d. a vacuole

A

a plasmid

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13
Q

In the diagram 6 is a (the red dots)
a. a ribosome
b. a plasmid
c. a vacuole
d. chromosomal DNA

A

a ribosome

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14
Q

In the diagram 7 is a
a. a ribosome
b. a plasmid
c. a vacuole
d. Chromosomal DNA

A

chromosomal DNA

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15
Q

In the diagram 8 is a
a. a pilus
b. a flagellum
c. a vacuole
d. plasmid

A

a flagellum

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16
Q

The structure normally used by bacterial cells for adhesion is the
a. pilus
b. flagellum
c. cell wall
d. cell membrane

A

pilus

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17
Q

The above structure can also sometimes be used to transfer small extrachromosomal pieces of DNA called ____ between bacterial cells in a process called conjugation
a. pilus
b. flagellum
c. vacuole
d. plasmid

A

plasmid

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18
Q

The ____ is used like a propeller as a means of population
a. pilus
b. flagellum
c. vacuole
d. plasmid

A

flagellum

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19
Q

The protective structure just outside of the bacterial plasma membrane is the ______, which is made of peptidoglycan
a. cytoplasm
b. cell wall
c. capsule
d. flagellum

A

cell wall

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20
Q

While a secondary protective layer that the bacterium may have is the _____ , which is a mucus-like layer made of polysaccharides
a. cytoplasm
b. cell wall
c. capsule
d. flagellum

A

capsule

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21
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 1 is the
a. nucleus
b. rough er
c. smooth er
d. Golgi apparatus
e. lysozome

A

nucleus

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22
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 2 is the
a. nucleus
b. rough er
c. smooth er
d. Golgi apparatus
e. lysozome

A
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23
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 3 is the
a. nucleus
b. rough er
c. smooth er
d. Golgi apparatus
e. lysozome

A

rough er

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24
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 4 is the
a. nucleus
b. rough er
c. smooth er
d. Golgi apparatus
e. lysozome

A

golgi apparatus

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25
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 5 is the
a. mitochondrion
b. lysosome
c. ribosome
d. cytoskeleton
e. cytoplasm

A

Lysosome

26
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 6 is the
a. mitochondrion
b. lysosome
c. ribosome
d. cytoskeleton
e. cytoplasm

A

mitochondrion

27
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 7 is the
a. mitochondrion
b. lysosome
c. ribosome
d. cytoskeleton
e. cytoplasm

A

ribosome

28
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 8 is the
a. mitochondrion
b. lysosome
c. ribosome
d. cytoskeleton
e. cytoplasm

A

Cytoskeleton

29
Q

In the diagram of a eukaryotic cell on the right, 9 is the
a. mitochondrion
b. lysosome
c. ribosome
d. cytoskeleton
e. cytoplasm

A

cytoplasm

30
Q

The _______ is a compartment that is used for making dangerous proteins like proteases or proteins with special modifications, like disulfide bonds
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. smooth er
d. rough er
e . golgi

A

rough er

31
Q

The ______ is a compartment specially devoted to manufacturing membranes and other lipids for the rest of the cell
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. smooth er
d. rough er
e . golgi

A

smooth er

32
Q

The _______ is the post office of the cell, sorting and packaging proteins into vesicles for transport to their appropriate location
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. smooth er
d. rough er
e . golgi

A

golgi

33
Q

Unlike bacteria, animal cells do not have a cell wall and rely on the ______ to give them structure
a. nucleus
b. plasma membrane
c. cytoskeleton
d. extracellular matrix

A

cytoskelton

34
Q

The ________ is usually called the powerhouse of the cell because it makes lots of ATP for the rest of the cell through aerobic respiration
a. lysozome
b. nucleus
c. mitochondrion
d. golgi

A

mitochondrion

35
Q

The stomach of the cell, _____ are full of digestive enzymes, acids, and peroxides that break down large cellular debris, which is especially useful for devouring smaller organisms
a. lysozome
b. nucleus
c. mitochondrion
d. golgi

A

lysozome

36
Q

The theory that chloroplasts and mitochondria originated from free living bacteria that were phagocytosed but not digested is known as
a. endocytosis
b. exocytosis
c. endosymbiosis
d. homeostasis

A

endosymbiosis

37
Q

Multicellular organisms have a meshwork of proteins that holds cells together to form tissues. Collectively this is called
a. the extracellular matrix
b. the cytoskeleton
c. the cell wall
d. the glycocalyx

A

the extracellular matrix

38
Q

In tissues like skin, each cell is stitched to adjacent cells by membrane proteins that stick through the plasma membrane and interact with similar proteins sticking out of the surface of the cell next to it. These interacting proteins, called _______, give skin its strength and make it watertight
a. plasmodesta
b. tight junctions
c. gap junctions
d. connexons

A

tight junctions

39
Q

When something requires a pore or a channel in order to diffuse across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient, this is called
a. active transport
b. cotransport
c. simple diffusion
d. faciliated diffusion

A

faciliated diffusion

40
Q

When a molecule is pumped across a membrane against its concentration gradient, which requires an input of energy, this is called
a. active transport
b. cotransport
c. simple diffusion
d. motor proteins

A

active transport

41
Q

The membrane proteins that performs this function of pumping molecules against their diffusion gradients are called
a. transporter
b. pores
c. channels
d. motor proteins

A

transporters

42
Q

You are growing human cells in the lab and you accidently add pure water to the culture instead of the usual culture medium. When you look at the cells under the microscope you see that they are swollen like beach balls and many of them have burst. This is because they are in a solution that is
a. hypotonic
b. hypertonic
isotonic

A

hypotonic

43
Q

Reactions that release energy and proceed spontaneously have a _____ change in the Gibbs free energy
a. positive
b. negative
c. net zero

A

negative

44
Q

The first step in cellular respiration is called ______, which splits a molecule of glucose into two three-carbon molecules of pyruvate
a. the citric acid cycle
b. glycolysis
c. the electron transport chain
d. fermentation

A

glycolysis

45
Q

Glycolysis uses up NAD+ to make NADH. Under anaerobic conditions this NADH can’t be used in the electron transport chain and so is a waste product. To keep glycolysis running in the NADH gets recycled back into NAD+ by using it to convert Pyruvate into __________, which is what makes your muscles burn during hard exercise

A

lactic acid

46
Q

Under aerobic conditions pyruvate is turned into Acetyl-CoA and enters
a. the citric acid cycle/ krebs cycle
b. glycolysis
c. the electron transport chain
d. fermentation

A

the citric acid cycle/krebs cycle

47
Q

In this process the carbons in the Acetyl- CoA are burned off and released as ______, completely getting rid of the glucose molecule that we started with
a. water
b. protons
c. CO2
d. oxygen

A

CO2

48
Q

In terms of energy, the product of the citric acid cycle is
a. ATP
b. NADH
c. glucose
d. Acetyl CoA

A

NADH

49
Q

In eukaryotes the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration is located in
a. the plasma membrane
b. the cytoplasm
c. the mitochondrial matrix
d. the mitochondrial inner membrane

A

the mitochondrial inner membrane

50
Q

The electron transport chain starts with a molecule of _____ donating a high energy electron to the chain
a. ATP
b. NADH
c. Glucose
d. Oxygen

A

NADH

51
Q

The electron eventually needs to end up somewhere after its energy is spent, and in aerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is
a. ATP
b. NADH
c. Glucose
d. Oxygen

A

oxygen

52
Q

Glycolysis uses up _______ to provide activation energy and produces _______ and ________.
a. 2 ATP, 4 ATP, 2NADH
b. 4ATP, 2ATP. 2NADH
c. 2ATP, 2ATP, 2NADH

A

2 ATP, 4 ATP, 2NADH

53
Q

In contrast, aerobic respiration provides a total of _____, which is why breathing is important
a. about 36 NADH
b. about 36 ATP
c. about 18 ATP
d. about 18 NADH

A

about 36 ATP

54
Q

The light reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the
a. chloroplast stroma
b. chloroplast envelope
c. thylakoid membranes
d. cytoplasm

A

thylakoid membranes

55
Q

In the light reactions of photosynthesis ______ is split to provide electrons for the electron transport chain
a. oxygen
b. CO2
c. water
d. glucose

A

water

56
Q

As a byproduct, the above reaction releases _____into the atmosphere
a. oxygen
b. CO2
c. water
d. glucose

A

oxygen

57
Q

In both photosynthesis and respiration, the purpose of the electron transport chain is to pump ______ across a membrane to create an electrochemical gradient
a. ATP
b. NADH
c. protons
d. electrons

A

protons

58
Q

This electrochemical gradient is then used to power the enzyme _______
a. ATP synthase
b. RUBISCO
c. NADH dehydrogenase
d. phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

A

ATP synthase

59
Q

The carbon fixation portion of photosynthesis also uses a cycle called the _____ cycle.
a. krebs
b. citiric acid
c. TCA
d. Calvin

A

calvin

60
Q

Carbon Fixation takes place in the
a. chloroplast stroma
b. chloroplast envelope
c. thylakoid membranes
d. cytoplasm

A

chloroplast stroma

61
Q

When pyruvate is converted to lactate in fermentation, as shown above, the pyruvate becomes ______ to lactate while the NADH becomes ______ to NAD+
a. oxidized, reduced
b. reduced, oxidized

A

reduced, oxidized

62
Q

In carbon fixation the ATP and NADH produced by the light reactions are used to ______ 3-phosphoglycertate into glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
a. oxidize
b. reduce

A

reduce

Biology 1101 (4 decks)

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