Biology

Question 1

Name at least 3 adaptations that help Sperm Cells to carry out their job?

Answer 1

• the acrosome that contains enzymes (helps sperm penetrate the egg by breaking through it)
• lots of mitochondria (helps give the cell as much energy as possible to meet the egg)
• the tail (enables the sperm to swim to the egg)
• streamlined head (makes the sperm cell faster, by reducing drag)
• haploid number of chromosomes (to pass on half of its genetic information onto the embryo)

(you could have mentioned any 3 of the above)

Question 2

Name at least 3 adaptations that help Egg Cells to carry out their job?

Answer 2

• haploid number of chromosomes (to pass on half of its genetic information onto the embryo)
• the cytoplasm (contains a lot of nutrients to support the embryo once it has formed)
• the cytoplasm (also increases its surface area to make the development of the embryo easier.)
• jelly-like coating of the membrane (prevents another sperm cell from entering the egg)
• the size of the egg (allows for more nutrients to be stored)

Question 3

Mitosis is part of the ____ cycle

Answer 3

CELL

Question 4

Why do cells divide?

Answer 4

For growth, repair and reproduction

Question 5

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 5

1. Growth and replication of organelles
2. DNA Replication
3. Mitosis

Question 6

Provide an example for an advantage and disadvantage of Mitosis?

Answer 6

advantage: the cells can grow quickly without needing to wait for a partner
disadvantage: the cells could replicate defected DNA

Question 7

What is the definition of growth?

Answer 7

A permanent increase in size length and mass.

Question 8

Why does differentiation in cells happen?

Answer 8

So that specialised cells can be formed

Question 9

Why is it beneficial to have a lot of cells?

Answer 9

For efficiency

Question 10

What is the definition of differentiation?

Answer 10

When an unspecialised cell becomes specialised.

Question 11

Female chromosomes are referred to as?

Answer 11

XX

Question 12

Male chromosomes are referred to as?

Answer 12

XY

Question 13

What’s the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

Answer 13

Asexual - only one parent is required to generate the daughter cells
Sexual - two parents are needed to generate the daughter cell(s)

Question 14

What’s the difference between intercourse and sexual reproduction?

Answer 14

Intercourse - the male cell penetrates the female cell

Sexual reproduction - the sex cells fuse

Question 15

Can most plant cells differentiate into other cells after they have been specialised?

Answer 15

Yes.

Question 16

Can most human cells differentiate into other cells after they have been specialised?

Answer 16

No.

Question 17

What are the possible correct pairings of DNA?

Answer 17

A always pairs with T
G always pairs with C

(A-T, T-A, G-C. C-G)

Question 18

What is the function of the cornea?

Answer 18

Refracts light

Question 19

What is the function of the pupil?

Answer 19

controls how much light enters the eyes.

Question 20

What is the function of a ribosome?

Answer 20

Involved in protein synthesis

Question 21

What part of the brain controls balance and coordination of movement?

Answer 21

The cerebellum

Question 22

What is the function of the receptor

Answer 22

Starts electrical impulses along nerves.

Question 23

What is the function of the motor neuron?

Answer 23

To carry electrical signals from the central nervous system.

Question 24

What is the relationship between an organism that reproduces quickly and it’s ability to evolve?

Answer 24

The faster it is able to reproduce, the faster it is able to evolve.

Question 25

Can a PET detect a gamma ray?

Answer 25

Yes.

Question 26

What is the gap between nerve cells called?

Answer 26

The synapse.

Question 27

What is the first step in the cell cycle?

Answer 27

Cell growth