Biology Flashcards
How many characteristics of living things are there?
There are 7 All living things 1. Are made up of one or more cells 2. Take in nutrient 3. Need energy 4. Produce waste that must be removed 5. Respond to stimuli 6. Grow 7. Reproduce
Difference between multicellular and unicellular!
Unicellular = Living thing made up of one cell Multicellular = Living thing made up of more than one cell
Who discovered the cell?
Robert Hooke
How many points to cell theory are there?
There are 3
- All living things are made up of cells
- Cells are the basic units of life
- All cells come from preexisting cells
What is a virus?
Viruses are non living. They can only reproduce if they exist in another living cell (Host Cell).
What is prokaryotic cell and a example of it?
- It does not have a nucleus
- Have fewer internal structures (organelles)
- Internal structures are not surrounded by membranes
Example: Bacteria
What is eukaryotic cell and a example of it?
- It does has a nucleus which contains the cells DNA and it is surrounded by its own membrane
- Has many internal structures (organelles) which are all surrounded by a membrane
- They are about 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells and are more complex
Example: Plants, Animals & Fungi
What are small structures in a cell?
Organelles
What surrounds the cell and acts as gatekeeper?
Cell Membrane
What produces energy in the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the chemical reaction that makes energy called?
Cellular Respiration
What is the gel like fluid in a cell called?
Cytoplasm
What is the control center in a cell?
Nucleus
What stores water, food & waste in a cell?
Vacuole
In what organelle does photo synthesis take place?
Chloroplast
What breaks down large molecules?
Lysosomes
What are small sacs that transport materials?
Vesicles
What is the warehouse of the cell?
Golgi Body
What makes protein in a cell?
Ribosomes
What transports things or moves things around in a cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the reaction of photosynthesis?
When it uses energy from the sun it changes carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.
What is difference between plant and animal cells?
Plants have a cell wall and a chloroplast. There cell is rectangle shaped
Animals have lysosomes. There cell is circle shaped
What’s another name for micro organisms?
Microbes
Bacteria that break down dead wastes and animals are called?
Decomposers
What are the main producers of oxygen in lakes and oceans?
Phytoplankton
What kind of food do bacteria help make?
Cheese, Yogurt, Pickles, Soy Sauce & Chocolate
What are 3 positive interactions between humans and microbes?
- Medicine Production (Makes antibiotics & insulin)
- Disaster Recovery (Cleans up chemical, oil or radioactive spills)
- Waste Management (Used in water treatment plants)
What are 2 negative interactions between humans and microbes?
- Some make people sick (pathogens) in food poisoning.
2. They mold or rot food and wood
What are 2 places microbes live?
- In the air
- In the water
(They Exist Everywhere)
What is a pathogen?
A pathogen is a micro organism that causes diseases.
What is a antigen?
A antigen is a non living substance that can cause illness. The body cannot recognize it.
What are the 4 ways diseases are transmitted?
- Direct Contact
- Indirect Contact
- Water & Food
- Animal Bites
What immune response is quick and general?
The innate immune response
Skin, gastric juice, sweat are the _____ of defense?
First line of defense
Which immune response takes time and is complicated?
The acquired immune response
Helper T Cells, B Cells, Killer T cells are the _____ of defense?
Second line of defense
What do B cells make?
They make antibodies
What do helper T cells do?
To activate B cells & Killer T cells
What do killer T cells do?
They will eliminate pathogens.
What is an allergen?
An allergen is a substance that causes an allergic reaction.
What immunizations do grade 9’s receive?
3 of them
Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis
What are antihistamines?
An antihistamine is a medicine that reduces the symptoms of allergies.
Example: Claritin
What part of the immune system does HIV attack?
It attacks Helper T cells so the body cannot trigger B cells or Killer T cells.
What are 4 things you can do to take care of your immune system?
- Eat healthy (a well balanced diet)
- Maintain personal hygiene
- Get plenty of rest and exercise
- Avoid smoking & drugs
What is a booster shot?
A vaccine that is repeatedly given to you throughout your life.
What is a vaccine?
A vaccine is a weakened or dead form of a disease that gives you immunity to it.
What is anaphylactic shock?
When someone is very allergic to a allergen it can cause the throat to swell and difficulty breathing.
What is inflammation?
Inflammation is when lots of white blood cells are rushing to an area, it causes redness and swelling.
What is difference between epidemic and pandemic?
An epidemic is a sudden outbreak in one area
A pandemic is a sudden outbreak in several areas like countries or continents
Epidemics and pandemics can have both __and ___ impact on humans
It can affect
- Money
- Transportation
- Food
- Population
Name a plant used by first nations to treat sickness or disease!
Cow-parsnip
What does eradicated mean?
To destroy completely or put an end to something
Name a disease that has been eradicated!
Smallpox
Antibiotics kill or prevent ____ from growing
Bacterium
What was the first antibiotic available?
penicillin
What causes bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics?
Change in DNA
What is an antiseptic and give an example?
An antiseptic is something you put on your skin before surgery to protect you against any harmful micro organisms.
Example: Alcohol such as ethyl
What is the immune system?
The immune system is made up of cells, different substances & organs that help fight diseases and infections.
