Biology Flashcards
It is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanism, development, and evolution.
Biology
Who is considered the father of Biology?
Aristotle
________ is the science of identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms.
Taxonomy
What is the study of the external form, size, shape, color, structure, and relative position of various living organs of living organisms?
Morphology
Which branch of biology is the study of the internal structure that can be observed with unaided eye after dissection?
Anatomy
What is the study of tissue organization and structure?
Histology
What instrument is used in observing tissue structures in Histology?
Light microscope
What is the study of the form and structure of cells including the behavior of nucleus and other organelles?
Cytology
It is defined as the study of the morphological, organizational, biochemical, physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological, and evolutionary aspects of cells and its components.
Cell Biology
What is the study of the nature, physicochemical organization, synthesis working, and interaction of biomolecules that bring about and control various activities of the protoplasm?
Molecular Biology
What is the term of the cytoplasm and nucleus of a cell?
Protoplasm
It is defined as the study of fertilization, growth, division, and differentiation of the zygote into an embryo.
Embryology
What is the study of the early development of living beings before the attainment of structure and size of the offspring?
Embryology
________ is the study of living organisms in relation to other organism and their environment.
Ecology
What is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity and variations?
Genetics
It is the study of the expression and transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Heredity
What is the science that deals with factors related to the improvement or impairment of race?
Eugenics
This studies the origin of life as well as new types of organisms from the previous ones by modifications involving genetic changes and adaptions.
Evolution
What is the study of fossils or remains and impressions of past organisms present in the rocks of different ages?
Paleontology
What is the branch of scientific inquiry that deals with the possibility of life in outer space?
Exobiology
What is the study of viruses?
Virology
It is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Ecosystem
The ecosystem is an (open, close) system because it requires ongoing inputs of energy to persist.
Open system
These are animals that consume plants and are also known as primary consumers.
Herbivores
What are the animals that consume meat from other animals and are known as higher-order consumers?
Carnivores
TRUE OR FALSE:
Carnivores are animals that can consume both plants and animals.
False (omnivores are animals that can consume plants and animals)
What are the consumers that eat small bits of organic remains?
Detritrivores
What is another term for decomposers?
Saprophytes
They use enzymes to break down wastes and remains into inorganic components and absorb it.
Decomposers
What shows the path of energy and nutrient flow among organisms?
Food chain
This shows the interconnection of food chains.
Food web
What kind of food chain is it when herbivores eat producers?
Grazing Food Chains
Producers die and are then consumed by detritivores. What kind of food chain is this?
Detrital Food Chains
What are the graphics that show how energy and organic compounds are distributed among organisms within an ecosystem?
Energy pyramids and biomass pyramids
What are the two classes of biogeochemical cycles?
Gaseous and Sedimentary
What do you call the cycle that involves the flow of chemical elements between living organisms and the environment?
Biogeochemical Cycles
What is the reservoir of the gaseous class of biogeochemical cycles?
Air and oceans (via evaporation)
What is the reservoir of the sedimentary class of biogeochemical cycles?
The Earth’s crust
What portion of the biogeochemical cycle do elements move through a food web then return to the environment?
Biological portion
Where is the main reservoir of the water cycle located?
The oceans
What is the process of the water cycle?
Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation
Where is most of the freshwater on Earth found?
Icecaps and glaciers
This process of the water cycle occurs when clouds become too saturated and fall as rain or snow.
Precipitation
Why is rain naturally acidic?
Rain is naturally acidic because of the formation of carbonic acid from the reaction of CO2 and H2O.
______ happens when water from rain travels along land and flows back to the sea.
Runoff
TRUE OR FALSE:
Carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect.
True
What is the main reservoir of nitrogen (N2)?
Air
What is the process that can cause a reaction between N2 and O2 in the air to form nitrates?
Lightning
The nitrogen cycle is a/an __________ cycle.
Atmospheric cycle
What process of the nitrogen cycle reduces nitrates back to the atmosphere as nitrogen (N2)?
Denitrification
The phosphorus cycle is a/an __________ cycle.
Sedimentary cycle
Who developed/discovered Taxonomy?
Carolus Linneaus
What is the nationality of the botanist who discovered Taxonomy?
Swedish
What are the levels of Taxonomy?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
[MNEMONIC: D-, King, Philip, Came, Over, For, Grape, Soda]
What is the broadest category of taxonomy?
Domain
What are the domains?
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
What are single-celled organisms without a nucleus?
Prokaryotes
Organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular with cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles belong in what domain?
Domain Eukarya
What are the kingdoms?
Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
[MNEMONIC: PEAFPA]
What kingdoms belong to Domain Eukarya?
Kingdom Protists, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Kingdom Eubacteria belongs to which domain?
Domain Bacteria
What is the history of the evolution of a species or group that allows them to be classified according to their common ancestors?
Phylogeny
It is a method of hypothesizing relationships among organisms according to the characters, or traits, of the organisms.
Cladistic analysis
What instrument is used in cladistic analysis to examine new characteristics?
Cladogram
Scientific names are always _________.
Italicized
What is the term for new characteristics which arise in a lineage?
Derived characters
What Family do dogs, wolves, foxes belong to?
Canidae
If Mephitidae is the family that skunks belong to, where do cats and bears belong?
Felidae (cat), Ursidae (bears)
What class do birds belong to?
Aves
What are the major classes/groups of the kingdom Plantae?
Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
They are organisms that can produce their own food using inorganic substances.
Autotrophs
What are the kinds of autotrophs?
Photoautotrophs, Chemoautotrophs
What kind of autotrophs makes their own energy using light and CO2 through the process of photosynthesis?
Photoautotrophs
This kind of autotroph produces energy without the use of light.
Chemoautotroph
What are organisms that are known as the consumers of the biosphere?
Heterotrophs
What are the main parts of a plant?
Roots, Stem, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits
What are the essential and underground parts of a plant?
Roots
What part of a plant is found above ground and bears leaves, fruits, and flowers?
Stem
The ________ contains chlorophyll that helps the plants to prepare their food.
Leaves
The region where leaves arise in a stem is called what exactly?
Nodes
What do you call the regions between nodes in a stem?
Internodes
What are the parts of leaves?
Petiole, leaf base, lamina (or leaf blade)
______ is the reproductive part of a plant.
Flower
The part of a plant which is an ovary that develops after fertilization.
Fruits
