biological treatments of abnormalities- anti-psychotics

Question 1

what is anti-psychotic treatment used for?

Answer 1

schizophrenia

Question 2

what are typical anti-psychotic drugs used to treat? and examples

Answer 2

chlorpromazine, to treat positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions.

Question 3

what are atypical anti-psychotic used for treat? and examples

Answer 3

clozapine, to treat positive and negative symptoms like reduced motivation.

Question 4

both clozapine and chlorpromazine are based on dopamine hypothesis… which is?

Answer 4

that dopamine dysfunction leads to schizphrenia

Question 5

what are Atypical anti-psychotics also based on?

Answer 5

negative symptoms may be due to disrupted serotonin activity.

Question 6

both drugs aim to?

Answer 6

reduce dopamine activity

Question 7

Atypical antibiotics aim to

Answer 7

stabilise serotonin activity

Question 8

how do typical antipsychotics work?

Answer 8

they bind to and block D2 dopamine receptor sites, they this reduces levels of dopamine in the brain

Question 9

how do atypical anti-psychotics work?

Answer 9

act on serotonin sites in addition to dopamine receptors

Question 10

how is medication given?

Answer 10

orally normally. but depot injections can be given. These release slowly into the blood stream over time and are useful for less reliable patients.

Question 11

(effectiveness) cochrane review (adams et al)

Answer 11

meta analysis of 302studies of effectiveness of chlorpromazine for schiz. all used a placebo and random allocation to conditions

Question 12

(effectiveness) what did adams et al find

Answer 12

60% of patients benefit
chlorpromazine reduced relapses rates in the short to medium term
improves symptoms and functioning

Question 13

(effectiveness) cochrane review (essali et al) found?

Answer 13

clozapine may be more effective than chlorpromazine- it can benefit 1/3 of those who do not benefit from chlorpromazine.

Question 14

(appropriateness) side effects of anti-psychotics?

Answer 14

weight gain and sexual dysfunction in 50% of patients
20% suffer form tardive dyskinesia
REDUCE compliance -stop taking meds- espec in young people

Question 15

(approproateness) what have antipsychotics been credited for?

Answer 15

clearing mental hospices- nothing really had an effect before such treatments.
However- this may mean patients come out of hospital and cannot function properly in society.