Biological Tradition

Question 1

Father of Modern Western Medicine

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

It is written between 450 and 350 BC, and mentions that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease.

Answer 2

Hippocratic Corpus

Question 3

They believed that psychological disorders might also be caused by brain pathology or head trauma.

Answer 3

Hippocratic Corpus

Question 4

He created a powerful and influential school of thought within the biological tradition that extended into the 19th century

Answer 4

Galen

Question 5

He is a Roman physician who developed the ideas of Hippocrates further.

Answer 5

Galen

Question 6

What theory does this apply: Physicians believed that disease resulted from too much or too little of one of the humors.

Answer 6

Humoral Theory of Disorder

Question 7

In the Humoral Theory of Disorder. this came from the heart.

Answer 7

Blood

Question 8

In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, this came from the spleen.

Answer 8

Black Bile

Question 9

In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, this came the brain.

Answer 9

Phlegm

Question 10

In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, this came from the liver.

Answer 10

Choler or Yellow Bile

Question 11

The four humors were related to the Greeks’ conception of the four basic qualities, namely: ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 11

Heat, Dryness, Moisture, Cold

Question 12

In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, people who tend to be ruddy in complexion, cheerful and optimistic are derived from ___.

Answer 12

Sanguine

Question 13

In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, people who tend to be depressive are ___.

Answer 13

Melancholic

Question 14

In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, people who tend to have apathy and sluggishness, but can also mean being calm under stress are ___.

Answer 14

Phlegmatic

Question 15

In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, people who are hot tempered are known to be ___.

Answer 15

Choleric

Question 16

As a treatment, carefully measured amount of blood was removed from the bloody, often with leeches.

Answer 16

Bleeding

Question 17

As a treatment, ___ recommended eating tobacco and a half-boiled cabbage to ___,

Answer 17

Robert Burton;
Induce Vomitting

Question 18

Mental disorders were caused by blockages of ___ or the presence of ___, ___ (yin) as opposed to ___, ___
wind (yang)

Answer 18

Wind;
Cold, dark
Warm, life-sustaining

Question 19

___ coined by Hippocrates, a concept he learned from the Egyptians, now we call the somatic symptom disorders.

Answer 19

Hysteria

Question 20

This assumed that only women can have this disorder,
and that the uterus wandered to various parts of the body in search of conception, called ___.

Answer 20

Wandering Uterus

Question 21

The cure for Hysteria is ___.

Answer 21

Marriage or fumigation of the vagina

Question 22

Advanced ___ is caused by a brain-invading bacterial microorganism and it is also sexually transmitted disease.

Answer 22

Syphilis

Question 23

___, ___, ___ are some of the symptoms of Syphilis.

Answer 23

Delusions of grandeur;
Persecution;
Other strange actions

Question 24

___’s germ theory identified the bacteria causing syphilis around 1870.

Answer 24

Louis Pasteur

Question 25

Injecting patients with ___ led to recovery by “burning out” the syphilis bacteria.

Answer 25

Malaria-infected blood

Question 26

___ was later discovered to cure syphilis.

Answer 26

Penicillin

Question 27

He was the champion of the biological tradition in the United States.

Answer 27

John P. Grey

Question 28

He is the most influential Americal psychiatrist during the 19th century.

Answer 28

John P. Grey

Question 29

Gray believed insanity was always due to ___ and that the mentally ill should be treated as ___.

Answer 29

Physical causes;
Physically Ill

Question 30

___, ___ who is a Viennese physician, started utilizing higher dosages which caused patients to convulse and briefly go into a coma. This type of procedure is called ___.

Answer 30

1927;
Manfred Sakel;
Insulin Shock Therapy

Question 31

In ___, ___ discovered that a light, minor electric shock to the head can generate a transient convulsion and memory loss (amnesia).

Answer 31

1750s, Benjamin Franklin

Question 32

During the ___, ___, a Hungarian psychiatrist, found out that ___ was a remarkably uncommon condition in those who suffer from epilepsy, which eventually failed to be proven.

Answer 32

1920s;
Joseph von Meduna;
Schizophrenia

Question 33

In ___, Two Italian physicians named ___ and ___, using ___ (a process that induces a short seizure using little
electrical current), treated a depressed patient with six little electrical shocks that caused convulsions.

Answer 33

1938;
Ugo Cerletti;
Lucio Bini;
Electroconvulsive Therapy

Question 34

During the ___, the first effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders were developed in a systematic way.

Answer 34

1950s

Question 35

___ (derived from ___), had been used as sedatives, a depressant drug, which gradually transmits signals between the brain and body.

Answer 35

Opium;
Poppies

Question 36

___ (later renamed ___) and ___ (___), control agitation and aggressiveness.

Answer 36

Rauwo lfia Serpentine;
Reserpine;
Neuroleptics;
Major Tranquilizers

Question 37

___ (___) (known by such brand names as Valium and Librium) lessens/ reduces anxiety and became the most widely prescribed drugs in the world during the 1970s.

Answer 37

Benzodiazepines;
Minor tranquilizers

Question 38

___, a class of sedating drugs, which reported to be effective for treating anxiety and other psychological and emotional symptoms, disappeared after showing side effects of various undesirable physical symptoms.

Answer 38

Bromides

Question 39

___ shows the aftermath of chronic tremors and shaking.

Answer 39

Neuroleptics

Question 40

He is an advocate of biological tradition, less involved in treatment, more focused on diagnosis and classification.

Answer 40

Emil Kraepelin

Question 41

Kraepelin recognized differences in ___, ___, and ___ among psychological disorders.

Answer 41

Age of Onset;
Time Course;
Cluster Symptoms

Question 42

Kraepelin’s description of ___ remain relevant today.

Answer 42

Schizophrenic disorders

Question 43

By the ___, a scientific approach to psychological disorders emerged, seeking biological causes.

Answer 43

Late 1800s