Biological Tradition Flashcards
Father of Modern Western Medicine
Hippocrates
It is written between 450 and 350 BC, and mentions that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease.
Hippocratic Corpus
They believed that psychological disorders might also be caused by brain pathology or head trauma.
Hippocratic Corpus
He created a powerful and influential school of thought within the biological tradition that extended into the 19th century
Galen
He is a Roman physician who developed the ideas of Hippocrates further.
Galen
What theory does this apply: Physicians believed that disease resulted from too much or too little of one of the humors.
Humoral Theory of Disorder
In the Humoral Theory of Disorder. this came from the heart.
Blood
In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, this came from the spleen.
Black Bile
In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, this came the brain.
Phlegm
In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, this came from the liver.
Choler or Yellow Bile
The four humors were related to the Greeks’ conception of the four basic qualities, namely: ___, ___, ___, and ___.
Heat, Dryness, Moisture, Cold
In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, people who tend to be ruddy in complexion, cheerful and optimistic are derived from ___.
Sanguine
In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, people who tend to be depressive are ___.
Melancholic
In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, people who tend to have apathy and sluggishness, but can also mean being calm under stress are ___.
Phlegmatic
In the Humoral Theory of Disorder, people who are hot tempered are known to be ___.
Choleric
As a treatment, carefully measured amount of blood was removed from the bloody, often with leeches.
Bleeding
As a treatment, ___ recommended eating tobacco and a half-boiled cabbage to ___,
Robert Burton;
Induce Vomitting
Mental disorders were caused by blockages of ___ or the presence of ___, ___ (yin) as opposed to ___, ___
wind (yang)
Wind;
Cold, dark
Warm, life-sustaining
___ coined by Hippocrates, a concept he learned from the Egyptians, now we call the somatic symptom disorders.
Hysteria
This assumed that only women can have this disorder,
and that the uterus wandered to various parts of the body in search of conception, called ___.
Wandering Uterus
The cure for Hysteria is ___.
Marriage or fumigation of the vagina
Advanced ___ is caused by a brain-invading bacterial microorganism and it is also sexually transmitted disease.
Syphilis
___, ___, ___ are some of the symptoms of Syphilis.
Delusions of grandeur;
Persecution;
Other strange actions
___’s germ theory identified the bacteria causing syphilis around 1870.
Louis Pasteur
Injecting patients with ___ led to recovery by “burning out” the syphilis bacteria.
Malaria-infected blood
___ was later discovered to cure syphilis.
Penicillin
He was the champion of the biological tradition in the United States.
John P. Grey
He is the most influential Americal psychiatrist during the 19th century.
John P. Grey
Gray believed insanity was always due to ___ and that the mentally ill should be treated as ___.
Physical causes;
Physically Ill
___, ___ who is a Viennese physician, started utilizing higher dosages which caused patients to convulse and briefly go into a coma. This type of procedure is called ___.
1927;
Manfred Sakel;
Insulin Shock Therapy
In ___, ___ discovered that a light, minor electric shock to the head can generate a transient convulsion and memory loss (amnesia).
1750s, Benjamin Franklin
During the ___, ___, a Hungarian psychiatrist, found out that ___ was a remarkably uncommon condition in those who suffer from epilepsy, which eventually failed to be proven.
1920s;
Joseph von Meduna;
Schizophrenia
In ___, Two Italian physicians named ___ and ___, using ___ (a process that induces a short seizure using little
electrical current), treated a depressed patient with six little electrical shocks that caused convulsions.
1938;
Ugo Cerletti;
Lucio Bini;
Electroconvulsive Therapy
During the ___, the first effective drugs for severe psychotic disorders were developed in a systematic way.
1950s
___ (derived from ___), had been used as sedatives, a depressant drug, which gradually transmits signals between the brain and body.
Opium;
Poppies
___ (later renamed ___) and ___ (___), control agitation and aggressiveness.
Rauwo lfia Serpentine;
Reserpine;
Neuroleptics;
Major Tranquilizers
___ (___) (known by such brand names as Valium and Librium) lessens/ reduces anxiety and became the most widely prescribed drugs in the world during the 1970s.
Benzodiazepines;
Minor tranquilizers
___, a class of sedating drugs, which reported to be effective for treating anxiety and other psychological and emotional symptoms, disappeared after showing side effects of various undesirable physical symptoms.
Bromides
___ shows the aftermath of chronic tremors and shaking.
Neuroleptics
He is an advocate of biological tradition, less involved in treatment, more focused on diagnosis and classification.
Emil Kraepelin
Kraepelin recognized differences in ___, ___, and ___ among psychological disorders.
Age of Onset;
Time Course;
Cluster Symptoms
Kraepelin’s description of ___ remain relevant today.
Schizophrenic disorders
By the ___, a scientific approach to psychological disorders emerged, seeking biological causes.
Late 1800s
