Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology - Schizophrenia > Biological therapies for schizophrenia > Flashcards

Biological therapies for schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common treatment for SZ?

A

antipsychotic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can antipsychotics be taken?

A

tablets, syrup, injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When are antipsychotic injections used?

A

When there are patients who are at risk of not taking their medications; would be given every 2-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two main types of antipsychotics?

A

atypical (novel), typical (conventional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of schizophrenia are typical antipsychotics better for?

A

Type 1 as it addresses positive symptoms more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What explanation of SZ are typical antipsychotics more linked to?

A

Liked to the dopamine hypothesis (hypedopaminesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do typical antipsychotics work?

A

they are dopamine antagonists, reducing the action of dopamine binding to D2 receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, blocking the transmission of dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

by normalising levels of dopamine transmission in the m_________ dopamine p______, this is thought to reduce ________ symptoms

A

by normalising levels of dopamine transmission in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, this is thought to reduce positive symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main typical antipsychotic drug?

A

Chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What else is chlorpromazine used for?

A

A sedative used to calm patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is chlorpromazine faster absorbed as opposed to tablets?

A

Syrup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the maximum dosage for chlorpromazine?

A

1000mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of schizophrenia are atypical antipsychotics better for?

A

Type 2 schizophrenia as there are more negative symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When did atypical antipsychotics become available?

A

1970s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How were atypical antipsychotics meant to work as opposed to typical antipsychotics?

A

Meant to improve upon the effectiveness of typical antipsychotics and minimise side effects that were occurring. Also worked well on negative symptoms and cognitive impairment (suitable for treatment-resistant patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the similarities in the way typical and atypical antipsychotics work?

A

They both block D2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the differences in the way typical and atypical antipsychotics work?

A

Atypical only temporarily occupy the D2 receptors and then rapidly dissociate to allow normal dopamine transmission - this is thought to be responsible for the lower levels of side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 most known atypical antipsychotics?

A

Clozapine, Risperidone and Olanzapine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the time line of Clozapine?

A

Developed in 1960s, trailed in 1970s. (Withdrawn due to deaths from blood condition). 1980s - discovered more effective than typical antipsychotics. (Now used as an alternative)

20
Q

What blood condition were people dying from due to clozapine?

A

Agranulocytosis

21
Q

How is Clozapine administered?

A

As a syrup or tablet at 300-450mg a day

22
Q

why isn’t clozapine administered as a injection?

A

Because of its fatal side effects

23
Q

How does Clozapine work?

A

Binds to dopamine, serotonin and glutamate receptors

24
Q

By the drug Clozapine working on other _________________ this helps to reduce d_________ and a______ and improve c________ functioning.

A

By the drug Clozapine working on other neurotransmitters this helps to reduce depression and anxiety and improve cognitive functioning.

25
Q

Why is clozapine given to people who are at high risk of suicide?

A

because it improves mood

26
Q

What % of sz patients are likely to commit suicide?

A

30-50%

27
Q

When did risperidone emerge and why?

A

In the 1990s as an attempt to reduce the serious side effects of clozapine

28
Q

How is risperidone administered?

A

As a syrup, tablet or injection; given 4-8mg and max 12mg

29
Q

How does Risperidone work?

A

binds to dopamine and serotonin receptors and is better at binding than clozapine so less side effects and smaller doses

30
Q

What are the strengths of drug therapy?

A
  • Research evidence for the effectiveness of typical antipsychotics (Thornley et al (2003)) - Research evidence for the appropriateness of atypical antipsychotics (Meltzer (2012)) - Research evidence for lower relapse rates (Leucht et al (2012))
31
Q

What are the studies that found research support for drug therapy of sz?

A

Thornley et al (2003), Meltzer (2012), Leucht et al (2012)

32
Q

What did Thornley et al (2003) look at?

A

The moderate effectiveness of typical antipsychotics

33
Q

What was the first method of Thornley et al (2003)?

A

Compared use of chlorpromazine to placebos from data of 13 trials with 1121 pps

34
Q

What were the results of Thornley et al’s (2003) first study?

A

Chlorpromazine was associated with reduced symptoms and better overall functioning

35
Q

What was the method of Thornley et al’s (2003) second study?

A

Three trials with 512 pps

36
Q

What were the results of Thornley et al’s (2003) second study?

A

Relapse rate was lower when chlorpromazine was taken

37
Q

What was concluded from Thornley et al’s (2003) research ?

A

Typical antipsychotics are effective in reducing the symptoms of SZ compared to a placebo

38
Q

What did Meltzer (2012) conclude?

A

Clozapine is more effective than typical antipsychotics and other atypical antipsychotics and was seen as effective in 30-50% of cases where typical antipsychotics failed

39
Q

What research did Leucht et al (2012) conduct on relapse rates in antipsychotics?

A

Meta analysis of 65 studies from 1959-2011 with 6000 patients. some given placebos and 64% relapsed on these whereas only 27% relapsed on antipsychotics

40
Q

What are the weaknesses of drug therapy for SZ?

A
  • Side effects - Issues with evidence for drug effectiveness by Healy (2012) - Ethical issues - not understood how they work
41
Q

What are the side effects for typical antipsychotics?

A

Dizziness, agitation, sleepiness, stiff jaw, weight gain and itchy skin or Tardive dyskinesia, NMS

42
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

Caused by dopamine super sensitivity and is involuntary facial movements such as grimacing blinking and lip smacking

43
Q

What is the most serious effect of typical antipsychotics?

A

NMS, Neuro malignant syndrome

44
Q

Neuro malignant syndrome (NMS)

A

high temperature, delirium, coma and death. occurs in 0.1-2%

45
Q

What evidence did Healy (2012) find against the effectiveness of drugs for sz?

A

Some successful drug trials have been published more than once exaggerate the effectiveness and may just be a calming effect

46
Q

What are the ethical issues of drug therapy?

A

Consent

Psychology - Schizophrenia (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions