Biological Theories of Criminality

Question 1

Who focused on facial features as a theory of criminality?

Answer 1

Lombroso

Question 2

Name at least 3 examples of atavistic features that Lombroso believed criminals had.

Answer 2

Strong prominent jawline, high cheekbones, facial asymmetry, large ears, bloodshot eyes, curly hair, tattoos.

Question 3

According to Sheldon, which body type would be more likely to be criminal?

Answer 3

Mesomorph

Question 4

What three body types did Sheldon cover?

Answer 4

Mesomorph, endomorph and ectomorph.

Question 5

Name 2 weaknesses of Lombroso’s theory of criminality.

Answer 5

• Research since has failed to show a link between facial features and criminality.
• Raises issues with the methodology of the research, as the control groups were not used.
• Can result in labelling, stigma and a form of racism (primitive savages, non-western countries, amazon tribe etc.)

Question 6

Name 2 strengths of Lombroso’s theory of criminality.

Answer 6

• Scientific measurement of explaining crime (objective).
• Highlighted the importance of examining clinical and historical records.
• Provides a viewpoint towards how to prevent crime.

Question 7

Name 2 weaknesses of Sheldon’s theory of criminality.

Answer 7

• Glueck and Glueck explained that criminality is a combination of biological, psychological and environmental, not just biological.
• The environment itself may cause a mesomorphic build.
• Ignores social class with crime and body build (working class- manual work).
• Fails to explain how endomorph and ectomorph can also commit crime (crimes other than violence).

Question 8

Name 2 strengths of Sheldon’s theory of criminality.

Answer 8

• Has been supported by research who found similar findings (Glueck and Glueck found that 60% of participants were mesomorphic).
• Sheldon’s theory can be applied to the most dangerous and serious criminals.