Biological Sciences

Question 0

Esophagus

Answer 0

conduit throguh which a food bolus passes from the pharynx to the stomach, propeled by peristalsis
has two sphincters that prevent the movement of food in the wrong direction
lower- prevents stomach acid from entering esophagus, no glands that secrete into the esophageal lumen

Question 1

What are the sites of chemical digestion in the body?

Answer 1

mouth, stomach, small itnestine

Question 2

parietal cells

Answer 2

secrete HCL

Question 3

chief cells

Answer 3

secrete pepsin

Question 4

neruoendocrine cells

Answer 4

secrete gastrin

Question 5

duodenum

Answer 5

mucosal glands called Brunners glands which secrete mucus to protect the small intestine from acidity of gastric juices

Question 6

small intestine

Answer 6

pits known as crypts of Lieberkhun which have mucus secreting glandular cells
secrete aminopeptidase and dipeptidases- enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds

Question 7

enterokinase

Answer 7

converts trypsingoen to trypsin in intestinal glands of small intestine’

Question 8

liver

Answer 8

synthesizes bile which emulsifies fats
detoxifies poisons of cellular metabolism
regulation of blood glucose concentration
does not neutralize gastric acidity

Question 9

TSH

Answer 9

TSH stimulates T4

Question 10

acteylycholine

Answer 10

released by neuron in neuromuscular junction in order to produce an action potential int eh muscle
syntesized in the presynaptic neuron from acetyl CoAA and choline

Question 11

choline

Answer 11

recycled by uptake of choline by presynaptic neuron

small amounts are produced by neuron

Question 12

Increased levels of CO2

Answer 12

chemoreceptors and medula oblongata respond to inccreased levles of CO2 by stimulating respiration in order to correct CO2 levels

Question 13

monosaccharide in aqueous soution forms…

Answer 13

two isomeric cyclic hemiacetals or anomers

Question 14

blood pressure

Answer 14

force per area that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels

Question 15

increase in arteriolar pressure–

Answer 15

direct increase in blood pressure within capillaries since arterioles lead directly into the capillaries

Question 16

precapillary sphincters

Answer 16

pieces of smooth musccle surrounding the front end of capillaries
closure- decrease in amount of blood sent through capilaries
decrease in blood pressure

Question 17

ectoderm

Answer 17

epidermis, lens of eye, inner ear, adrenaal medulla, nervous system

Question 18

mesoderm

Answer 18

musculoskeletal system, circulatory system, excretory system, gonasd, and kidnes, lining of body cavity and dermis

Question 19

endoderm

Answer 19

lining of digestive tract, lining of respiratory system, liver, pancreas

Question 20

anemic hypoxia

Answer 20

condition when arterial parial pressure of oxygen remains the same, but amount of hemoglobin available for binding oxygen is reduced

Question 21

peak at 1735

Answer 21

carbonyl

Question 22

2800

Answer 22

C-H stretch

Question 23

3200cm

Answer 23

O-H stretch

Question 24

11.2 shift in NMR

Answer 24

carboxylic acid

Question 25

lactase deficiency causes…

Answer 25

abnormally high concentrationo of lactose in intestinal lumen and stool sample
remain in intestinal lumen, increase concentraion of soutes and less water is reabsorbed- diarrhea

Question 26

sarcomere contraction

Answer 26

occurs through the sliding of the thin filaments along the thick filaments towards the centter of the sarcomere
length of both thick and thin filaments remains unchanged
increased overlap between thick and thin filaments

Question 27

ether

Answer 27

R-O-R

Question 28

ester

Answer 28

RCOOR

Question 29

acetic acid

Answer 29

C2H4O2