Biological Science 2 Flashcards
conformers
same atoms with different rotations about the single bond
Constitutional Isomers
two have the same molecular formulas but atoms are bonded in different arrangements.
Configurational isomers
stereoisomers (enantiomers or diastereomers)
Bonded in the same manner but different arrangements in space
elevation of diaphram
decreases lung volume= decreases in total lung capacity (total amount of air in lungs at maximal inspiration)
pooling of blood=?
allows tissue to extract more oxygen from blood than in a healthy patient so oxygen content of blood returning to heart in a congestive heart failure is decreased compared to a healthy individual
antigen binding site of an antibody
has properties that are determined by the antibody’s tertiary structure
mRNA
complementary to DNA
5’ - 3’
alkyl halides in presence of ethoxide ion…
forms alkenes
no carbons added or removed
retrograde neurtransmitter
diffuses to nearby neurons
sexual arousal
parasympatheti nervous system
stimulates vagus nerve
analgesi drugs
releive pain at the level of the thymus
peripheral nerves
do not reconnect to other body parts
aromatic
4n+2
osteoblasts
deposit calciums in bones
osteoclasts
exist in bones but not generally found in the circulation
glycolysis = ?? ATP
2
OH vs. double bond O
OH is more polar
gas chromatography Rf
product interacts more strongly with silica (more polar) than the starting material so product has a lower Rf than the starting material
Alcohol reactivities
tertiary alcohols react much more quickly with HCL than do other types of alcohols
Grignard reagent
Ch3Br + Mg
Hydroxyl absorpition
3400
Carbonyl absorption
1700
Colon
absorption of water
Normally the immune system avoids attacking the tissues of its own body because…
it suppresses cells specifi to the body’s own antigens
Ulcer penetrates walls of intestines, where do contents go?
Peritoneal cavity
membranes surroud this cavity which prevent further transport
Lumen of intestine
generally where contents are…
Antigens carried on…
surfaces of ells, not DNA, chromosomes, or RNA
Places where blood pressure is the lowest
Veins, then capillaries (not heart, arteries, or arterioles)
OH groups
3500
What resembles the Golgi apparatus most?
Smooth ER
leucocytes
gravitate towards an inflammation
infections originate in…
epithelial cells
cholesterol is a precursor to…
testosterone, uses steroid backbone of cholesterol
