biological rhythms topic 2

Question 1

what is the key study and additional studies called

Answer 1

siffre
preckel et al
light box treatment
melatonin supplements
czeisler et al

Question 2

outline the additional study by siffre

Answer 2

• He lived 400 feet underground in the alps for 2 months
  -cave that he was in was completely ark but one light bulb
  -He contacted his support team everytime he woke up ate and wa sabout to go to sleep
  -His body followoed a 25 hour cycle
  The superchiasmatic nucleus runs daily clock which controls sleep

Question 3

Outline the additional study by Preckel et al

Answer 3

-sample of 272 students in the 9th and 10th grade
-chronotype questionnare (owl and lark indicator) and a test to complete in class
-parents of 132 students also filled in a questionnare of childs chronotype
found that the owl was a significant negative predictor of grade point average (GPA)
larke = early bird
owl= likes evenings

Question 4

outline the additional study on melatonin supplements

Answer 4

Normally the superchiasmatic nucleus detects changes in light levels inthe environment, When light leves are low it is instructed to release melatonin which induces sleep
taking melatonin could help people trying to get sleep earlier than the nody ususally would

Question 5

Outline the additional study of light box treatment

Answer 5

Phototherapy involves sitting near a light box which emits artificial light. If used at the start of a night shift, It would reduce the production of meltonin and trick the ody into thinking its daytime

Costa et al found that light therspy improved physical fittness sleep patterns and stopped tiredness as well as improving performance of nurses working a night shift

Question 6

Outline three applications of reducing jet lag

Answer 6

Try block out light from outside the plane
passengers could take melatonin pills to help them sleep duing the flight
fly and ;land during the day

Question 7

Outline what is phase delay

Answer 7

Easier as you have to delay when you are going to bed (stay awake longer)

Question 8

Outline what is phase advance

Answer 8

difficult as you have to go to bed earlier

Question 9

outline the aim of the key study into biological rhythms

Answer 9

Aim-take advantage of the properties of the circadian system that individuals share in common than longer 24 hour periods

Question 10

Outline the backgrounf by Czeisler et al

Answer 10

Investigated the rotation of shift work at a potash production plant in Utah, USA. the facility operated a rotating shift system in which there were three work shifts;
nightshift of 00:00-08:00
day shift 08:00-16:00
swing shift 16:00-00:00
Those employees working shifts would change shifts very 7 days and this would go in an anti-clockwise direction (phase advance)

Question 11

Outline the sample by czeisler et al

Answer 11

153 male employees
-85 male employees aged 19-68 working rotating shifts
control group of 68 employees 19-56 whose shifts did not change but all worked either swing shifts or day shifts