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Biopsychology > Biological rhythms > Flashcards

Biological rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

What are biological rhythms?

A

Changes in body activity dependent on cycles

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2
Q

What two factors regulate biological rhythms?

A

Endogenous pacemakers
Exogenous zeitgebers

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3
Q

What is a circadian rhythm?

A

A type of biological rhythm that is subject to a 24 hour cycle

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4
Q

What is an example of a circadian rhythm?

A

The sleep/wake cycle

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5
Q

How long did Siffre spend in a dark cave?

A

6 months

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6
Q

How did Siffre’s sleep/wake cycle change?

A

It was erratic at first, but then became 25 hours long

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7
Q

What does Siffre’s results suggest?

A

That the circadian rhythm is free running, which means it’s not affected by exogenous zeitgebers

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8
Q

How long were the participants of Folkard et al’s study in a dark cave?

A

3 weeks

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9
Q

How did the researcher of Folkard et al’s study try to influence the circadian rhythm of the participants?

A

He sped up the clock, so a day eventually lasted 22 hours

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10
Q

How many participants adjusted to the change in timings in Folkard et Al’s study?

A

1

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11
Q

What do the results of Folkard et Al’s study suggest?

A

That our circadian rhythms cannot be easily influenced by external factors

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12
Q

What is a strength of the research into the sleep/wake cycle?

A

Real life application - shift workers have a better understanding of how changing rhythms affects their productivity

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13
Q

What is a limitation of the Case Studies of sleep/wake cycles?

A

Lack ecological validity - rare that people are in the dark for such extended periods of time

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14
Q

What are infradian rhythms?

A

Cycles that take longer than 24 hours

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15
Q

What are 2 examples of infradian rhythms?

A

The menstrual cycle
Seasonal affective disorder

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16
Q

How is the menstrual cycle governed?

A

Through changes in hormone levels which regulate ovulation

17
Q

Who were the participants of Stern and McClintock’s research?

A

29 women with irregular periods

18
Q

How many women did Stern and McClintock take pheromones from and how did they do it?

A

9
They had a pad under their armpit for 8 hours at different parts of their cycles

19
Q

What did Stern and McClintock do with the pheromones from the 9 women?

A

They rubbed them onto the upper lips of the other 20 participants on the corresponding days of their cycle

20
Q

What did Stern and McClintock find?

A

68% of women experienced changes to their cycle and started to sync with their “donor”, suggesting that the menstrual cycle can be influenced by other women

21
Q

What is seasonal affective disorder?

A

A depressive disorder which has seasonal patterns

22
Q

What is the cause of seasonal affective disorder?

A

More melatonin is secreted during winter months due to the lack of daylight. This is thought to have an effect on the production of serotonin in the brain.

23
Q

What is a limitation of the research into menstrual cycle syncing?

A

There are lots of other factors that influence the menstrual cycle such as stress/diet, so we can’t be sure it’s due to pheromones

24
Q

How has research into seasonal affective disorder been applied to the real world?

A

Phototherapy is a treatment for seasonal affective disorder (resets melatonin levels)

25
Q

What are ultradian rhythms?

A

Biological rhythms taking less than 24 hours

26
Q

What is an example of an ultradian rhythm?

A

The sleep cycle

27
Q

How many stages are in the sleep cycle?

A

5

28
Q

How long is one sleep cycle?

A

90 minutes

29
Q

Which stages of sleep are the ‘light sleep’ stages?

A

1 and 2

30
Q

Which stages of sleep are the ‘deep sleep’ stages?

A

3 and 4

31
Q

Which stage of sleep is ‘REM sleep’?

A

5

32
Q

What does REM stand for?

A

Rapid Eye Movement

33
Q

Which waves are present during stage 1 of the sleep cycle?

A

Alpha

34
Q

Which waves are present during stage 2 of the sleep cycle?

A

Theta

35
Q

Which waves are present during stages 3 and 4 of the sleep cycle?

A

Theta

36
Q

During ‘light sleep’ it is…

A

Easy to be woken up

37
Q

During ‘deep sleep’ it is…

A

Difficult to be woken up

38
Q

In which stage of sleep does dreaming occur?

A

5 (REM)

39
Q

What is a strength of the research into the sleep cycle?

A

It is all scientific and objective (EEGs used)

Biopsychology (9 decks)

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