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Biology > Biological molucules > Flashcards

Biological molucules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

do biological molecules all contain carbon

A

yes

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2
Q

What is the purpose of Hydrogen ions H+

A

1.Involved in chemiosmosis
2.pH determination
3.catalysis of reactions

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3
Q

What is the purpose of Ammonium ions NH 4+

A

Involved in the nitrogen cycle where bacteria convert ammonium ions into nitrate ions

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4
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

Energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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5
Q

What is latent heat capacity

A

Energy required to change state

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6
Q

What’s a solvent

A

Solvents are able to dissolve other substances

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7
Q

What’s surface tension and what does it minimise

A

Tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by an attraction of the particles in the surface layer which tends to minimise surface area

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8
Q

What’s an isomer

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures

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9
Q

WHAT ELEMENTS MAKE UP LIPIDS AND CARBOHYDRATES (CHO)

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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10
Q

what elements make up proteins (CHONS)

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

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11
Q

what elements make up nucleic acids (CHONP)

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen, phosphorous

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12
Q

What are the three types of lipids

A

Triglycerides, phospholipid and steroids (cholesterol)

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13
Q

What is glycerol made up of

A

3 Carbon atoms and 3 OH groups

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14
Q

Is glycerol an alcohol

A

Yes

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15
Q

What are the two types of unsaturated fatty acids and the difference between them

A

Monounsaturated 1 Carbon double bond
polyunsaturated 1+ Carbon double bond

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16
Q

Double carbon bonds make a kink at the C=C which pushes molecules apart and makes them more …?

A

Fluid

17
Q

Which type of fatty acid has more hydrogen and a high melting point

A

Saturated fatty acids

18
Q

What are the bonds in a triglyceride

A

One glycerol attached to fatty acids by ester bonds

19
Q

What makes lipids insoluble

A

The hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail which makes lipids insoluble because they repel water

20
Q

5 functions of triglycerides

A

1.Insulation
2.Buoyancy
3.Protection
4.Energy store
5.Energy source

21
Q

Why is triglycerides a good energy store

A

Insoluble in water therefore can be stored without affecting the cell potential

22
Q

What monomer forms starch, cellulose and glycogen

A

Glucose

23
Q

Give three examples of
1.monosaccharides
2.disaccharides
3.polysaccharides

A

1.Glucose, fructose, galactose
2.Sucrose, maltose, lactose
3.Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen

24
Q

1.Glucose+glucose =water+ ?
2.Glucose+galactose =water+ ?
3.glucose+fructose =water+ ?
4. These are examples of what?

A
  1. Maltose
  2. Lactose
  3. Sucrose
  4. These are all disaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds
25
Q

What two polysaccharides are found in plants

A

Starch and cellulose

26
Q

What are the functions of all polysaccharides

A

1.Starch and Glycogen-store of glucose
2.Cellulose-structural strength

27
Q

plants can make all the amino acids they need if they have fixed access to _______

A

Nitrogen

28
Q

4 main properties of proteins

A

1.Structural they are the main component for body tissue,muscle etc
2.Catalytic all enzymes are proteins
3.Signaling many hormones/receptors are proteins
4.Immunologic antibodies are proteins

29
Q

Whats group is NH2

A

amine group

30
Q

what enzyme in the intestine breaks down peptide bonds

A

protease

31
Q

What does primary structure of a protein mean

A

The sequence of amino acids in a protein chain

32
Q

What holds the tertiary structure in proteins in place

A

1.Hydrophobic and hydrophillic interactions (weak)
2.Hydrogen bonds (weak)
3.Ionic bonds (strong bonds between R-groups)
4.Disulfide bonds (Strong covalent bonds which form between R-groups that contain sulfur)

33
Q

What bonds cause a protein to fold into specific structures

A

Hydrogen bonds

Biology (3 decks)

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