Biological molucules Flashcards
do biological molecules all contain carbon
yes
What is the purpose of Hydrogen ions H+
1.Involved in chemiosmosis
2.pH determination
3.catalysis of reactions
What is the purpose of Ammonium ions NH 4+
Involved in the nitrogen cycle where bacteria convert ammonium ions into nitrate ions
What is specific heat capacity
Energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
What is latent heat capacity
Energy required to change state
What’s a solvent
Solvents are able to dissolve other substances
What’s surface tension and what does it minimise
Tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by an attraction of the particles in the surface layer which tends to minimise surface area
What’s an isomer
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures
WHAT ELEMENTS MAKE UP LIPIDS AND CARBOHYDRATES (CHO)
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what elements make up proteins (CHONS)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
what elements make up nucleic acids (CHONP)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen, phosphorous
What are the three types of lipids
Triglycerides, phospholipid and steroids (cholesterol)
What is glycerol made up of
3 Carbon atoms and 3 OH groups
Is glycerol an alcohol
Yes
What are the two types of unsaturated fatty acids and the difference between them
Monounsaturated 1 Carbon double bond
polyunsaturated 1+ Carbon double bond
Double carbon bonds make a kink at the C=C which pushes molecules apart and makes them more …?
Fluid
Which type of fatty acid has more hydrogen and a high melting point
Saturated fatty acids
What are the bonds in a triglyceride
One glycerol attached to fatty acids by ester bonds
What makes lipids insoluble
The hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail which makes lipids insoluble because they repel water
5 functions of triglycerides
1.Insulation
2.Buoyancy
3.Protection
4.Energy store
5.Energy source
Why is triglycerides a good energy store
Insoluble in water therefore can be stored without affecting the cell potential
What monomer forms starch, cellulose and glycogen
Glucose
Give three examples of
1.monosaccharides
2.disaccharides
3.polysaccharides
1.Glucose, fructose, galactose
2.Sucrose, maltose, lactose
3.Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
1.Glucose+glucose =water+ ?
2.Glucose+galactose =water+ ?
3.glucose+fructose =water+ ?
4. These are examples of what?
- Maltose
- Lactose
- Sucrose
- These are all disaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds
