Biological Molocules 1

Question 1

How many bonds can a carbon atom make?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What are carbohydrates used for?

Answer 2

Engergy source for storing energy

Form part of the cell wall

Question 3

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Simple sugars

For every carbon, there is one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms

Question 4

What are the three types of monosacchardies?

Answer 4

Triose sugars
Pentose sugars
Hexose sugars

Question 5

What is the general formula for triose sugars?

Answer 5

C3H6O3

Question 6

Where are triose sugars important?

Answer 6

In the mitochondria where glucose is broken down into triose sugars during respiration

Question 7

What is the general formula for pentose sugars?

Answer 7

C5H10O5

Question 8

Where are pentose sugars important?

Answer 8

In nucleic acids where they make up ribose and deoxyribose

Question 9

What are 2 examples of pentose sugars?

Answer 9

ribose

deoxyribose

Question 10

What is the general formula for hexose sugars?

Answer 10

C6H12O6

Question 11

What are some examples of hexose sugars?

Answer 11

glucose
galactose
fructose

Question 12

What are the two different types of glucose?

Answer 12

alpha

beta

Question 13

On which carbon is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What are disacchardies?

Answer 14

Two monosaccharides joined together in a condensation reaction to form a glycosidic bond

Question 15

What kind of reaction joins two monosaccharides together?

Answer 15

Condensation reaction

Question 16

What is the waste product of a condensation reaction?

Answer 16

A molocule of water

Question 17

What bond is formed in a condensation reaction between two monosacchardies?

Answer 17

Glycosidic

Question 18

What carbon atoms on monosacchardies join when a glycosidic bond is formed?

Answer 18

carbon 1 on the first molocule and carbon 6 or 4 on the second

Question 19

What are some examples of disacchardies?

Answer 19

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Question 20

Where is sucrose found?

Answer 20

Stored in plants

Question 21

What monosaccharides make up sucrose?

Answer 21

alpha glucose

fructose

Question 22

Where is lactose found?

Answer 22

Milk

Question 23

What monosaccharides make up lactose?

Answer 23

alpha glucose

beta galactose

Question 24

Where is maltose found?

Answer 24

Malt sugar

Question 25

What monosaccharides make up maltose?

Answer 25

2 molocules of alpha glucose

Question 26

What does the Benedict's test test for?

Answer 26

Reducing sugars

Question 27

What colour will the Benedict's test change in the presence of reducing sugars?

Answer 27

Orange

Question 28

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 28

Many monosaccharides joined together

Question 29

Why are polysaccharides ideal as large storage molocules?

Answer 29

They're compact so can be stored in large numbers Bonds are easily broken so they can be released rapidly Insoluable so have no effect on water potential of cells

Question 30

How are polysaccharides broken down?

Answer 30

Hydolysis reaction on the glycosidic bond where water is added and the monosaccharides seperate

Question 31

Where does hydrolysis take place?

Answer 31

The gut during digestion | Muscle and liver cells where carbohydrate stores are broken down to release sugars in cellular respiration

Question 32

What is the function of starch?

Answer 32

Energy store in plants

Question 33

What two compounds make up starch?

Answer 33

Amylose | Amylopectin

Question 34

What is the general structure of amylose?

Answer 34

Unbranched polymer that spirals to be stored

Question 35

What is the general structure of amylopectin?

Answer 35

Branched polymer with many ends that can be broken off rapidly

Question 36

What bonds are found in amylose?

Answer 36

1-4 glycosidic bonds

Question 37

What monosaccharide is amylose and amylopectin (starch) made from?

Answer 37

Alpha glucose

Question 38

What bonds are found in amylopectin?

Answer 38

1-4 and a few 1-6 glycosidic bonds resulting in branching chains

Question 39

Why is it important for starch to have both amylose and amylopectin?

Answer 39

Amylopectin can be released much faster for a rapid response and amylose is released more slowly to keep energy going over time

Question 40

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 40

Energy store in animals

Question 41

What monosaccharide is glycogen made from?

Answer 41

Alpha glucose

Question 42

What bonds are found in glycogen

Answer 42

1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 43

What is the difference between amylopectin and glycogen?

Answer 43

Glycogen has even more 1-6 bonds for faster release

Question 44

Where is cellulose found?

Answer 44

Plant cell wall

Question 45

What monosaccharides make up cellulose?

Answer 45

Beta glucose

Question 46

What bonds are found in cellulose?

Answer 46

1-4 glycosidic bonds

Question 47

How do hydrogen bonds form between strands of cellulose?

Answer 47

Every other molocule is inverted so bonds form between the positively charged hydroxyl groups and the negatively charged oxygen atoms

Question 48

What is the general structure of cellulose?

Answer 48

Long chains linked together by hydrogen bonds