Biological Molecules Recap Flashcards
What is the structure of Alpha glucose?
How do disaccharides from monosaccharides?
- Two monosaccharides can form a glycosidic bond through a condensation reaction to form a disaccharide
- A disaccharide can be broken through hydrolysis where the glycosidic bond is broken two form 2 monosaccharides
What are triglycerides?
An insoluble Lipid that contains
- One molecule of glycerol
- Three hydrophobic fatty acids tails
Bonded together through ESTER BONDS
How are triglycerides formed?
Formed through Condensation Reactions
Broken-through Hydrolysis reactions
What are saturated and unsaturated lipids?
Saturated contains only one type of bond where each carbon is attached to at least 2 hydrogens this results in a higher melting point
Large amounts result in an increased risk of CVD
Unsaturated contains one or more carbon double bonds which results in a kink in the structure (when there is two or more its a polyunsaturated lipid)
What is the structure of phospoholipids?
- Hydrophilic phosphate head
- Hydrophobic fatty acid tails
- Connected to glycerol by ester bonds
The hydrophilic and the hydrophobic properties of the phospholipid means they are amphipathic
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
A - Glycolipids allow for cell to cell communication
B - Phospholipid bilayer
C - Cholesterol - Increases strength of bilayer and stabilises cell temperature
D - Channel Protein allows for passive transport in and out of cell
E - Glycoprotein used for cell to cell interactions
F - Carrier protein allowing for active transport using ATP
What is a mononucleotide?
A single biological molecule made from:
- A pentose sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)
- A nitrogenous base (A,T or U,C,G)
- A phosphate group
(Depends on DNA or RNA)
What is a polynucleotide?
A polynucleotide is a:
- Polymer of nucleotides
- joined by phosphodiester bonds formed by condensation reactions
- DNA has 2 polynucleotide strands
- RNA has 1 polynucleotide strand
