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General Biology > Biological Molecules (Photosynthesis) > Flashcards

Biological Molecules (Photosynthesis) Flashcards

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1
Q

Organism that uses the Light energy from the sun to produce their foods

A

Autotrophs

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2
Q

Organism that cannot use sun’s energy to make foods

A

Heterotrophs

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3
Q

Is the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of glucose

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

3 Materials/Reactants of photosynthesis to produce oxygen and glucose

A

Water
Carbon dioxide
Sunlight

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5
Q

form of energy

A

Light

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6
Q

mixture of all visible light

A

White Light

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7
Q

When passed through a glass prism, ____ is separated into all visible spectrum (ROYGBIV)

A

White Light

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8
Q

It appears color green. It absorbs ROYBIV and reflect green

A

Chlorophyll

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9
Q

Light-absorbing pigment, within the thylakoid of chloroplast

A

Chlorophyll

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10
Q

It is responsible for giving the plants the green color

A

Chlorophyll

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11
Q

If chlorophyll does not absorb green, do you think green light can be used for photosynthesis?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Procedure used to separate and identify the mixture such as pigments.

A

Paper Chromatography

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13
Q

facts about paper chromatography

A

Different size of pigments travel different speed. The small pigments travel farther up the paper

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14
Q

Who are the scientist is the early experiment of the discovery of photosynthesis

A

Jean Baptista Van Helmont
Joseph Priestley
Jan Ingenhousz
Julius Van Mayer

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15
Q

A 17th century flemish chemist

A

Jean Baptista Van Helmont

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16
Q

Thought that plants “extracted” bulk of their food from the soil

A

Van Helmont, 1841

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17
Q

Other scientist assume that plants gained sized and weight from _______, while some assume that _____ alone gave the plants their heft.

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water

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18
Q

was the first to report the discovery of oxygen and describe some of its extraordinary properties

A

Joseph Priestley

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19
Q

He uses a candle and a plant to observe oxygen.
He compared a candle under the lid or cover with and without plants

A

Joseph Priestley

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20
Q

He is a Dutch Scientist

A

Jan Ingenhousz

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21
Q

Having herd the Priestley’s experiment, he began to conduct an experiment on his own

A

Jan Ingenhousz

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22
Q

He put the plants under the water and collect gas/oxygen

A

Jan Ingenhousz

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23
Q

He is a German Physicist

A

Julius Van Mayer

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24
Q

he is the first to propose that energy is neither created or destroyed

A

Julius Van Mayer

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25
Q

He is the first to suggest that plants derived their energy for growth from sunlight

A

Julius Van Mayer

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26
Q

He explained photosynthesis as a process that created organic molecule - sugar(glucoe) - from inorganic molecule carbon dioxide and water.

A

Julius Van Mayer

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27
Q

It is the process by which the autotrophs convert light energy into chemical of organic compound

A

Photosynthesis

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28
Q

How many percent photosynthesis is carried on by algae in the sea and lakes.

A

90%

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29
Q

What part of the photosynthesis takes up?

A

Chloroplast inside the leaves

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30
Q

What are the parts of Chloroplast

A

Inner membrane
Outer membrane
Thylakoid
Stoma

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31
Q

Stack like photosynthesis membranes

A

Thylakoid

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32
Q

Thylakoid is stack called _____

A

Singular: Granum
Plural: Grana

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33
Q

Region outside the thylakoid

A

Stroma

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34
Q

It is the fluid inside the chloroplast

A

Stroma

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35
Q

Fluid inside of the thylakoid also known as inner thylakoid space

A

Lumen

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36
Q

Products of photosynthesis

A

Glucose
Oxygen

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37
Q

Light energy splits water

A

Light dependent reaction

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38
Q

it occurs in the grana

A

Light dependent reaction

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39
Q

Chlorophyll is excited electrons, moving in the higher orbital to higher energy

A

Light dependent reaction

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40
Q

oxygen is released

A

Light dependent reaction

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41
Q

Hydrogen is taken up by NADP+ (coenzyme), forming NADPH

A

Light dependent reaction

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42
Q

When hydrogen is taken up by NADP+, what produce will be formed?

A

NADPH

43
Q

What is the reactant of NADPH

A

NADP+

44
Q

at light dependent reaction the energy is stored in?

A

ATP

45
Q

Occurs in stroma

A

Calvin Cycle also known as light independent reaction

46
Q

it needs steady stream of light

A

Light dependent reaction

47
Q

Chlorophyll absorbs energy form light waves, which is converted into chemical energy on the form of the molecules ATP and NADPH

A

Light dependent reaction

48
Q

It uses carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH to synthesis glucose - chemical energy

A

Calvin Cycle

49
Q

In Calvin cycle the energy is stored in ___ and ___ to convert Carbon dioxide and PGAL, a chemical stable 3-carbon compound

A

ATP and NADPH

50
Q

The energy stored in ATP and NADPH is converted into?

A

Carbon dioxide and PGAL, a chemical stable 3-carbon compound

51
Q

In Calvin Cycle PGAL is converted into?

A

Glucose

52
Q

What is the full name of ADP

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

53
Q

it is similar to ATP, but it only has 2 phosphate group

A

ADP

54
Q

the cell stores energy by adding phosphate in ADP to produce

A

ATP

55
Q

It is a useable form of energy for the cell

A

ATP

56
Q

it is like a fully charged battery ready to power the cell

A

ATP

57
Q

The energy in the ATP is released when?

A

The high energy chemical compound is broken

58
Q

in ATP the energy is stored in?

A

Bond

59
Q

Release of energy is stored in?

A

Chemical compound

60
Q

It is the organelle that carries out the photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

61
Q

the light-absorbing pigment chlorophyll is found inside the?

A

Thylakoid

62
Q

Takes glucose and oxygen gas and converts it back into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the process.

A

Cellular Respiration

63
Q

breaking down foods (glucose) to produce ATP

A

Cellular Respiration

64
Q

transfer of chemical energy (glucose) into useable form (ATP)

A

Cellular Respiration

65
Q

Occurs continuously inside the mitochondria of both plants and animals

A

Cellular Respiration

66
Q

Reactants of Cellular Respiration

A

Oxygen
Glucose

67
Q

Product of cellular Respiration

A

Carbon dioxide
Water
ATP

68
Q

2 types of cellular respiration

A

Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration

69
Q

This respiration does not use oxygen

A

Anaerobic Respiration

70
Q

Respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm

A

Anaerobic Respiration

71
Q

Respiration that the pyruvate may undergo fermentation

A

Anaerobic Respiration

72
Q

Respiration that requires Oxygen

A

Aerobic Respiration

73
Q

Respiration that occurs in mitochondria

A

Aerobic Respiration

74
Q

What is the structure (parts) of mitochondria

A

Inner membrane
Outer membrane
Matrix

75
Q

Parts of mitochondria that covers the organelle and contains it

A

Outer membrane

76
Q

Parts of mitochondria that fold over many times (Cristae) increasing the surface.

A

Inner membrane

77
Q

parts of inner membrane that fold many times to increase the surface

A

Cristae

78
Q

The fluid inside the mitochondria

A

Matrix

79
Q

what are the three steps in Cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis
Kerb’s cycle/ citric acid cycle
Electron transport chain

80
Q

Step of cellular respiration that occurs in cytoplasm

A

Glycolysis

81
Q

Step in cellular respiration that does not use oxygen

A

Glycolysis

82
Q

Breaking down of glucose in two 3-carbon molecule of pyruvic acid

A

Glycolysis

83
Q

What are the products of Glycolysis (4)

A

2 molecules of pyruvic
ATP
NADH
water

84
Q

it produces 4 ATP molecule, a net gain of 2 ATP

A

Glycolysis

85
Q

What type of respiration is glycolysis

A

Anaerobic respiration also known as fermentation

86
Q

The process making ATP without oxygen

A

Anaerobic Respiration

87
Q

It is the process also known as Fermentation

A

Anaerobic respiration

88
Q

Anaerobic is also known as

A

Fermentation

89
Q

The process makes very little ATP-only 2

A

Anaerobic Respiration

90
Q

Large animal cannot survive

A

Anaerobic Respiration

91
Q

Performed by yeast

A

Alcohol Fermentation

92
Q

it makes beer, wine, bread

A

Alcohol Fermentation

93
Q

Performed by bacteria and animals

A

Lactic acid Fermentation

94
Q

It make yogurt, sauerkraut, pickles, cheeses

A

bacteria

95
Q

Animals feel fatigue in muscle

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

96
Q

Step of cellular respiration also known as citric acid cycle

A

Kerb’s cycle

97
Q

what are the two steps in cellular respiration that occur in mitochondria

A

Kerb’s Cycle
Electron transport chain

98
Q

pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide

A

Kerb’s cycle

99
Q

NAD+ and FAD pick up hydrogen atoms (high energy electron)

A

Kerb’s cycle

100
Q

uses high energy electrons (NADH2 and FAD) to convert ADP to ATP

A

Electron transport chain

101
Q

Oxygen serves as the final electron (H) acceptor forming water

A

Electron Transport chain

102
Q

Oxygen serves as the final electron (H) acceptor forming?

A

Water

103
Q

The products of electron transport chain

A

ATP
NAD+
FAD
water
protons

General Biology (2 decks)

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