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General Biology > Biological Molecules (Biological Molecule) > Flashcards

Biological Molecules (Biological Molecule) Flashcards

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1
Q

It serves as structural components in the cell wall of the plant cells, providing rigidity and support. It is a major component of dietary fiber and it is not digestible to humans due to the lack of enzymes capable of breaking β-1,4 linkages.

A

Cellulose

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2
Q

Is found in the exoskeletal of arthropods like insect and spiders, and also in the cell walls of fungi. It provides structural support and protection. While it is digestible to humans, it lays crucial role in the structural and function of these organisms.

A

Chitin

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3
Q

Sugar for plants

A

Starch

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4
Q

Sugar for humans or animals

A

Glucose

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5
Q

it is the main source of energy in the process of photosynthesis

A

Plants

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6
Q

it is the energy use in cell for energy

A

ATP

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7
Q

Ideal calories for a day and how many carbo needs

A

2000 cal and 40% carbo

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8
Q

Diverse organic compound that includes fats, oils, and phospholipid, characterized by their hydrophobic nature and serving key roles in energy storage, insulation, and other essential components of cell membrane

A

Lipid

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9
Q

It do not form polymers

A

Lipid

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10
Q

Its different types contains different monomers component in their structure and as such they do not have a true monomers.

A

Lipid

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11
Q

is a trihydroxy sugar alcohol found in fats and oils, serving as a backbone of triglycerides and finding applications in diverse industry due to its solubility, hygroscopic properties, and sweet taste.

A

Glycerol

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12
Q

Also known as glycerin

A

Glycerol

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13
Q

it serves as fundamental components and play a central role in the structure of triglycerides. Triglycerides is a type of lipids that contains 3 fatty acid molecules attach in ______ molecules. It also provides the backbone to which the fatty acids attach to ester linkages. This structure forms the basis of fats and oils, serving as storage of energy in organism

A

Glycerol

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14
Q

it is a special fats that makes up the outer layer of our cells. They have water-loving (hydrophilic) part and water repelling (hydrophobic) parts, helping to form the structure of cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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15
Q

is a type of fats that found in the blood and body tissues, consisting of three fatty acids molecules attached to a glycerol molecules, serving as a storage of energy in the body

A

triglycerides

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16
Q

building block; usually referring to the same type of “block” that makes up something large

A

Monomers

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17
Q

Minerals and Vitamins

A

Micromolecules

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18
Q

It means small unit of molecules

A

Micro

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19
Q

What are the 4 biological molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid

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20
Q

Organic compound that serves as the primary source of energy and composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in various ratios

A

Carbohydrates

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21
Q

What are the 5 examples of carbohydrates (sugar)

A

Glucose
Sucrose
Fructose
Starch
Cellulose

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22
Q

It is a simple sugar that is primary source of energy of a cell

A

Glucose

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23
Q

Common table sugar, compose of glucose and fructose

A

Sucrose

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24
Q

Found in fruit and honey, another type of simple sugar

A

Fructose

25
Q

Found in foods like rice, potato, and pasta, composed of glucose molecules

A

Starch

26
Q

Type of fiber found in the cell wall of the plant cells, such as vegetable and whole grain

A

Cellulose

27
Q

How important are Carbohydrates to an organism

A

It is important to an organism as it serves as the primary source of energy, facilitating various biological processes such as cellular respiration, metabolism, and synthesis of other essential molecules; furthermore, certain carbohydrates, like dietary fibers contribute to digestive health and nutrient absorption

28
Q

it is a major source of energy of a cell can access

A

Carbohydrates

29
Q

It is a fast source of energy of a cell

A

Carbohydrates

30
Q

in Carbohydrates energy can be stores as

A

Polysaccharides

31
Q

Monomers of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

32
Q

Most common monosaccharides

A

Glucose

33
Q

2 monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

34
Q

2 glucose

A

Maltose

35
Q

3-10 monosaccharides

A

Oligosaccharides

36
Q

6 Glucose

A

Raffinose

37
Q

many monosaccharides

A

Polysaccharides

38
Q

300-1000 glucose

A

Starch

39
Q

It is a waxy substance in your body that helps builds cells and make hormones. it has 2 different kinds which are the LDL and HDL

A

Cholesterol

40
Q

What are the two types of Cholesterol

A

LDL- bad cholesterol
HDL - good cholesterol

41
Q

it is hydrophobic because it generally won’t dissolve in water

A

Lipid

42
Q

make up cell-membrane structure

A

Lipid

43
Q

have a major function of being source of long-term energy storage

A

Lipid

44
Q

it help is insulation of human body

A

Lipid

45
Q

it helps in the hormones

A

Lipid

46
Q

Lipids as hormones

A

Cholesterol
Testosterone
Estradiol

47
Q

are large and complex molecules made up of amino acids, essential for structure, function, and regulation of the body’s cell, tissues, and organs.

A

Protein

48
Q

Monomers of Protein

A

Amino acids

49
Q

the structure of amino acids have the same basic structure. What the structure have?

A

Each molecule has a central carbon atoms linked together with basic amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen atom, and an R-group, or side-chain group.

50
Q

Also known as genetic code chart, is table that shows the correspondence between specific three-nucleotide sequences called codons in mRNA and the amino acids they encode during protein synthesis

A

Codon chart

51
Q

How are protein important to an organism

A

protein as structure

52
Q

its major function is storage and expression of genomic information

A

Nucleic Acid

53
Q

DNA full name

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

53
Q

RNA full name

A

Ribonucleic Acid

54
Q

MACROMOLECULES

A

C-carbon
H-hydrogen
O-oxygen
N-nitrogen
P-phosphorous

55
Q

Macromolecules of carbohydrates

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

56
Q

Macromolecules of Lipids

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

57
Q

Macromolecules of Protein

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

58
Q

Macromolecules of Nucleic Acid

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous

General Biology (2 decks)

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