biological molecules (nutrients) Flashcards
what are the monosaccharides
glucose
fructose
galactose
what are the disaccharides
lactose (glucose and galactose), maltose (2 glucose) and sucrose (glucose and fructose)
how are polysaccharides formed?
condensation reaction
what is the bond between the disaccharides?
glycosidic linkage
what is the type of linkage between polysaccharides?
draw the structure of starch, cellulose and glycogen
what is starch made out of ?
amylose and amylopeptin
how is amylose held together?
hydrogen bonds between the oh- groups of glucose units, helical structure
properties of starch and glycogen
- insoluble in water
- storage polysaccharide
- large molecules that cannot diffuse out of the cell membrane
- compact and occupies less space
which polysaccharide has more branching?
glycogen instead os starch
function of cellulose
- tensile strength
- protects the cells from bursting/damage
- dietary fibre to prevent constipation
function of carbs
- substrate for respiration
- form supporting structures
- converted to other organic compounds
- formation of nucleic acids like DNA (pentose sugar)
-synthesise lubricants - synthesise nectar
what elements are in proteins
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, NITROGEN, sometimes SULPHUR
function of fat
- energy store
- thermal insulation
- mechanical protection (visceral fat)
- buoyancy
- essential nutrients (fatty acid)
what makes up an amino acid
- amino group
- carboxyl group
- hydrogen atom
- variable group
